Django Channels路由未找到：WebSocket连接失败求助

已花费4天调试，始终无法建立WebSocket连接，持续报错"Not found : ws/play/testroomcode"。以下是相关代码配置：

consumers.py #

from channels.generic.websocket 
import WebsocketConsumer from asgiref.sync 
import async_to_sync 
import json

class GameRoom(WebsocketConsumer):
    def connect(self,event):

    print('Websocket Received...',event)
    self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_code']
    self.room_group_name = 'room_%s' % self.room_name
    print(self.room_group_name)

    async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
        self.room_group_name,
        self.channel_name
    )

    self.accept()

    def receive(self,event):
    print('Websocket Received...',event)

    def disconnect(self,event):
    print('Websocket Disconnected...',event)

game/asgi.py #

import osfrom django.core.asgi 
import get_asgi_applicationfrom channels.routingimport ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouterfrom channels.auth 
import AuthMiddlewareStackfrom app1 
import routing  # Import your routingfrom app1.consumers import GameRoomfrom django.urls import path

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'game.settings')websocket_urlpatterns = [path('ws/play/<room_code>', GameRoom.as_asgi()),]

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({'http': get_asgi_application(),'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(URLRouter(websocket_urlpatterns)),})

game/settings.py #

INSTALLED_APPS = ['channels','django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','app1',
]

ASGI_APPLICATION = 'game.asgi.application' 
#WSGI_APPLICATION = 'game.wsgi.application'

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {"default": {"BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer","CONFIG": {"hosts": [("127.0.0.1", 6379)],  # Use quotes around the IP address},},}

已尝试各类教程，安装了django、channels、channels-redis并使用虚拟环境，也查阅了同类解决方案，但均无效，求助解决该连接问题。

排查与修复方案 #

• 修正URL路由参数格式：ASGI路由中路径参数缺少类型转换器，Django无法识别无类型的<room_code>，修改为：

  path('ws/play/<str:room_code>', GameRoom.as_asgi()),
  

• 修复Python代码缩进：consumers.py中connect、receive、disconnect方法的代码块无缩进，Python是缩进敏感语言，这会导致方法体无法被正确解析，进而引发路由注册失败。修复后代码：

  class GameRoom(WebsocketConsumer):
      def connect(self, event):
          print('Websocket Received...', event)
          self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_code']
          self.room_group_name = 'room_%s' % self.room_name
          print(self.room_group_name)
  
          async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
              self.room_group_name,
              self.channel_name
          )
  
          self.accept()
  
      def receive(self, event):
          print('Websocket Received...', event)
  
      def disconnect(self, event):
          print('Websocket Disconnected...', event)
  

• 修复ASGI文件语法错误：game/asgi.py中代码存在连写（如import osfrom django.core.asgi），属于语法错误，会导致ASGI应用无法启动。修复后代码：

  import os
  from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
  from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
  from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
  from app1.consumers import GameRoom
  from django.urls import path
  
  os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'game.settings')
  
  websocket_urlpatterns = [
      path('ws/play/<str:room_code>', GameRoom.as_asgi()),
  ]
  
  application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
      'http': get_asgi_application(),
      'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(
          URLRouter(websocket_urlpatterns)
      ),
  })
  

• 检查Redis服务状态：确保本地Redis服务已启动，运行redis-server命令启动服务，channels-redis依赖Redis运行，服务未启动会导致连接异常。
• 验证依赖版本兼容性：确认channels与channels-redis版本匹配，比如channels 4.x对应channels-redis 4.x，可通过pip freeze查看版本，若不匹配则重新安装：

  pip install channels==4.0.0 channels-redis==4.1.0
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Muhammad Qasim Hassan