创建React项目时出现ReferenceError: primordials is not defined错误

执行创建命令后，项目安装流程终止并删除生成文件，完整错误日志如下：

C:\xampp\htdocs\LMS_2.0>npx create-react-app lms-2.0

Creating a new React app in C:\xampp\htdocs\LMS_2.0\lms-2.0.

evalmachine.<anonymous>:42
} = primordials;
    ^

ReferenceError: primordials is not defined
    at evalmachine.<anonymous>:42:5
    at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\graceful-fs\fs.js:11:1)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1213:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1037:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:878:12)
    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1061:19)
    at require (node:internal/modules/cjs/helpers:103:18)
    at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\graceful-fs\graceful-fs.js:3:27)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:14)

Node.js v18.12.0
Installing packages. This might take a couple of minutes.
Installing react, react-dom, and react-scripts...

evalmachine.<anonymous>:42
} = primordials;
    ^

ReferenceError: primordials is not defined
    at evalmachine.<anonymous>:42:5
    at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\graceful-fs\fs.js:11:1)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1213:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1037:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:878:12)
    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1061:19)
    at require (node:internal/modules/cjs/helpers:103:18)
    at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\graceful-fs\graceful-fs.js:3:27)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:14)

Node.js v18.12.0

Aborting installation.
  npm install --no-audit --save --save-exact --loglevel error react react-dom react-scripts@0.9.x has failed.

Deleting generated file... package.json
Deleting lms-2.0/ from C:\xampp\htdocs\LMS_2.0
Done.

原因 #

该错误由Node.js版本（v18.12.0）与旧版graceful-fs依赖不兼容导致，旧版graceful-fs使用了Node.js高版本中已移除的primordials对象。

解决方案 #

方案1：使用最新版create-react-app创建项目 #

执行以下命令，新版create-react-app已适配高版本Node.js，不会依赖有问题的旧版graceful-fs：

npx create-react-app@latest lms-2.0

方案2：切换兼容的Node.js版本 #

通过Node版本管理器（如nvm）切换到Node.js 14.x或16.x版本，这些版本与旧版graceful-fs兼容，之后再执行原创建命令即可。

方案3：手动初始化项目并安装依赖 #

1. 创建项目目录并进入：

   mkdir lms-2.0 && cd lms-2.0
   

2. 初始化package.json：

   npm init -y
   

3. 安装最新版核心依赖：

   npm install react react-dom react-scripts@latest
   

4. 在package.json中添加启动脚本：

   "scripts": {
     "start": "react-scripts start",
     "build": "react-scripts build",
     "test": "react-scripts test",
     "eject": "react-scripts eject"
   }
   

5. 启动项目：

   npm start
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vidu Gajadeera