Android 14应用最小化时无法接收Accessibility Event求助

我的应用在Android 10系统中可正常接收Accessibility Event，但升级至Android 14后，应用被最小化时完全无法接收任何Accessibility Event，希望恢复到Android 10下的正常工作状态。相关配置与代码如下：

Manifest配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS"
        tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_TASKS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"/>
    
    
    <queries>
        <intent>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        </intent>
    </queries>

    <application
        android:name="MyApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name="MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action
                    android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category
                    android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <activity android:name="CrashActivity" />
        <service
            android:name="ScreenshotService"
            android:foregroundServiceType="mediaProjection"
            android:permission="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />


        <service
            android:name="MyAccessibilityService"
            android:exported="true"
            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" />
            </intent-filter>

            <meta-data
                android:name="android.accessibilityservice"
                android:resource="@xml/accessibility_service_config" />
        </service>


    </application>
</manifest>

Accessibility Service实现 #

package aman.astau;

import android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.os.Build;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEvent;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;

public class MyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService {

    private static final String CHANNEL_ID = "accessibility_service_channel";
    private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        // Create the notification channel
        createNotificationChannel();
        // Create a persistent notification
        Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, CHANNEL_ID)
                .setContentTitle("Accessibility Service")
                .setContentText("The service is running in the background")
                .setSmallIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_info)
                .build();
        
        // Start the service in the foreground
        startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "something happened", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @Override
    public void onInterrupt() {
        // Handle interruptions (e.g., if the service is turned off)
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext() , "interrupted" , 0).show();
    }

    private void createNotificationChannel() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            CharSequence name = "Accessibility Service Channel";
            String description = "Channel for accessibility service";
            int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT;
            NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, name, importance);
            channel.setDescription(description);

            // Register the channel with the system
            NotificationManager notificationManager = getSystemService(NotificationManager.class);
            if (notificationManager != null) {
                notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
            }
        }
    }
}

配置文件 #

<accessibility-service
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask"
    android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric"
    android:notificationTimeout="1000"
    android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"
    android:canRequestFilterKeyEvents="true"
    android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault|flagReportViewIds|flagIncludeNotImportantViews"
    android:description="@string/accessibility_service_description" />

另外注意到Mt Manager、Current Activity等应用仍能正常获取应用完整类名。

Android 14对后台服务和辅助功能的运行规则做了严格限制，以下是针对性修复步骤：

1. 为Accessibility Service指定前台服务类型 #

在Manifest的MyAccessibilityService声明中添加android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"，这是Android 14要求的，辅助功能类服务需明确此类型：

<service
    android:name="MyAccessibilityService"
    android:exported="true"
    android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE"
    android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <!-- 新增此行 -->
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" />
    </intent-filter>

    <meta-data
        android:name="android.accessibilityservice"
        android:resource="@xml/accessibility_service_config" />
</service>

2. 更新Accessibility配置文件，补充关键标志 #

在accessibility_service_config.xml中添加提升服务优先级的标志，确保系统不会限制事件传递：

<accessibility-service
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask"
    android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric"
    android:notificationTimeout="1000"
    android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"
    android:canRequestFilterKeyEvents="true"
    android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault|flagReportViewIds|flagIncludeNotImportantViews|flagRequestAccessibilityButton"
    android:description="@string/accessibility_service_description"
    android:canRequestEnhancedWebAccessibility="true"
    android:canPerformGestures="true" />

flagRequestAccessibilityButton能让服务绑定系统辅助按钮，提升后台运行优先级。

3. 提升前台通知的重要性 #

Android 14对前台通知的可见性要求更高，将通知通道的重要性改为IMPORTANCE_HIGH，确保服务在后台时不会被系统回收：

private void createNotificationChannel() {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
        CharSequence name = "Accessibility Service Channel";
        String description = "Channel for accessibility service";
        int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH; // 从DEFAULT改为HIGH
        NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, name, importance);
        channel.setDescription(description);
        channel.setShowBadge(true); // 显示通知角标，增强可见性

        NotificationManager notificationManager = getSystemService(NotificationManager.class);
        if (notificationManager != null) {
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        }
    }
}

4. 清理过时权限与API #

• 移除GET_TASKS权限，该权限在Android 10后已废弃，改用UsageStatsManager获取任务信息
• 确保用户已手动开启PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS权限（引导用户前往「设置-应用-权限-使用情况访问权限」开启）

5. 优化事件调试方式 #

后台环境中Toast可能无法显示，改用Log输出事件信息，方便调试：

@Override
public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
    Log.d("AccessibilityService", "收到事件：类型=" + event.getEventType() + "，包名=" + event.getPackageName());
}

参考合规应用的实现逻辑 #

Mt Manager、Current Activity等应用能正常工作，核心是严格遵循Android 14的辅助功能规范：

• 正确声明前台服务类型
• 保持前台通知的高可见性
• 使用合规API获取窗口与任务信息，不依赖废弃接口

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者shweta Kumari