如何在Java中检测USB插入并获取USB设备名称

现有代码的局限 #

你当前的代码通过对比File.listRoots()返回的盘符数组长度变化，能检测到USB设备的插拔，但仅能获取盘符路径（如D:\），无法拿到设备的友好名称（如“我的U盘”）——因为Java标准库的File类没有提供获取设备名称的API。

public class AutoDetect {

    static File[] oldListRoot = File.listRoots();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AutoDetect.waitForNotifying();
    }

    public static void waitForNotifying() {
        Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    File[] currentRoots = File.listRoots();
                    if (currentRoots.length > oldListRoot.length) {
                        System.out.println("检测到新驱动器");
                        oldListRoot = currentRoots;
                        System.out.println("驱动器 " + oldListRoot[oldListRoot.length-1] + " 已连接");
                    } else if (currentRoots.length < oldListRoot.length) {
                        System.out.println("驱动器 " + oldListRoot[oldListRoot.length-1] + " 已移除");
                        oldListRoot = currentRoots;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        t.start();
    }
}

解决方案 #

方法一：使用JNA调用系统原生API（跨平台） #

JNA可以直接调用Windows、Linux、macOS的系统API获取设备信息，无需编写JNI代码。

步骤1：添加JNA依赖

如果使用Maven，在pom.xml中添加：

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId>
    <artifactId>jna</artifactId>
    <version>5.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId>
    <artifactId>jna-platform</artifactId>
    <version>5.13.0</version>
</dependency>

步骤2：实现Windows下的设备名称获取

import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.IntByReference;
import com.sun.jna.win32.W32APIOptions;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class UsbDeviceDetector {

    public interface Kernel32 extends com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT {
        Kernel32 INSTANCE = Native.load("kernel32", Kernel32.class, W32APIOptions.DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
        boolean GetVolumeInformation(String lpRootPathName, char[] lpVolumeNameBuffer, int nVolumeNameSize,
                                     IntByReference lpVolumeSerialNumber, IntByReference lpMaximumComponentLength,
                                     IntByReference lpFileSystemFlags, char[] lpFileSystemNameBuffer, int nFileSystemNameSize);
    }

    // 获取盘符对应的设备名称
    public static String getVolumeName(String driveLetter) {
        char[] volumeName = new char[256];
        Kernel32.INSTANCE.GetVolumeInformation(driveLetter, volumeName, volumeName.length,
                null, null, null, null, 0);
        return Native.toString(volumeName).trim();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File[] roots = File.listRoots();
        Map<String, String> driveMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (File root : roots) {
            String drivePath = root.getAbsolutePath();
            String volumeName = getVolumeName(drivePath);
            driveMap.put(drivePath, volumeName);
            System.out.println("盘符: " + drivePath + " 设备名称: " + volumeName);
        }
    }
}

步骤3：结合原有检测逻辑

将上述getVolumeName()方法融入你的检测代码，在检测到新盘符时调用该方法即可获取设备名称。

方法二：调用系统命令（无第三方依赖） #

如果不想引入JNA，可以直接调用各平台的系统命令解析输出结果：

Windows平台：调用wmic命令

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class WindowsUsbInfo {
    public static String getUsbDeviceName(String driveLetter) {
        try {
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("wmic logicaldisk where DeviceID='" + driveLetter + "' get VolumeName /value");
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                if (line.startsWith("VolumeName=")) {
                    return line.substring(11).trim();
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "";
    }
}

Linux平台：调用lsblk命令

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class LinuxUsbInfo {
    public static String getUsbDeviceName(String drivePath) {
        // drivePath格式如 /media/username/MyUSB
        try {
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("lsblk -no LABEL " + drivePath);
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            return reader.readLine().trim();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "";
    }
}

macOS平台：调用diskutil命令

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class MacUsbInfo {
    public static String getUsbDeviceName(String drivePath) {
        try {
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("diskutil info " + drivePath + " | grep VolumeName");
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String line = reader.readLine();
            if (line != null) {
                return line.split(":")[1].trim();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "";
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tijil Saka