Flutter应用启动崩溃并卡在Gradle构建阶段求助

问题背景 #

此前项目运行正常，在android目录的build.gradle中添加Firebase相关的buildscript代码块后，出现以下问题：

• 模拟器中应用弹出后无报错直接崩溃
• Gradle构建持续无进展
• 偶尔提示Kotlin版本与二进制版本不匹配

已尝试flutter pub upgrade、flutter clean等操作，当前使用Flutter稳定版3.24.3，flutter doctor结果如下：

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.24.3, on Microsoft Windows
    [Version 10.0.22631.4317], locale pt-PT)
[√] Windows Version (Installed version of Windows is version 10
    or higher)
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK
    version 32.1.0-rc1)
    X cmdline-tools component is missing
      Run `path/to/sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"` 
      See https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line for 
      more details.
    X Android license status unknown.
      Run `flutter doctor --android-licenses` to accept the SDK 
      licenses.
      See https://flutter.dev/to/windows-android-setup for more 
      details.
[√] Chrome - develop for the web
[!] Visual Studio - develop Windows apps (Visual Studio
    Community 2022 17.8.3)
    X Visual Studio is missing necessary components. Please     
      re-run the Visual Studio installer for the "Desktop       
      development with C++" workload, and include these
      components:
        MSVC v142 - VS 2019 C++ x64/x86 build tools
         - If there are multiple build tool versions available, 
         install the latest
        C++ CMake tools for Windows
        Windows 10 SDK
[!] Android Studio (not installed)
[√] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.2)
[√] VS Code (version 1.94.2)
[√] Connected device (4 available)
[√] Network resources

解决方案 #

1. 修复build.gradle语法错误 #

你提供的build.gradle代码末尾存在语法缺失：tasks.register("clean", Delete)的闭包未闭合，导致Gradle解析失败。修改后完整代码如下：

buildscript {    
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.0'    
    repositories {        
        google()        
        mavenCentral()    
    }     

    dependencies {        
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.1.2'        
        // START: FlutterFire Configuration        
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.2' // Required for Firebase        
        // END: FlutterFire Configuration        
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"    
    } 
}  

allprojects {    
    repositories {        
        google()        
        mavenCentral()    
    } 
}  

rootProject.buildDir = '../build' 
subprojects {    
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}" 
} 
subprojects {    
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app') 
} 
tasks.register("clean", Delete) {    
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

2. 修复Android工具链问题 #

flutter doctor提示的两个环境问题会影响Android构建：

• 安装缺失的cmdline-tools：执行命令

  sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"
  

• 接受SDK许可证：执行命令

  flutter doctor --android-licenses
  

  按提示输入y接受所有许可证。

3. 对齐Kotlin与Gradle插件版本 #

Android Gradle Plugin（AGP）8.1.2与Kotlin 1.9.0存在兼容性适配问题，建议将Kotlin版本调整为AGP官方推荐的1.8.20：
修改buildscript中的版本配置：

ext.kotlin_version = '1.8.20'

同时确保app模块的build.gradle中使用的Kotlin版本与根目录一致（若app模块有单独指定）。

4. 重新清理构建 #

完成上述修改后，执行以下命令重新构建项目：

flutter clean
flutter pub get
flutter run

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jaime Ferreira