JPA实体映射报错：idTipoDoctoEntrada列重复，需支持增改

问题详情 #

数据表存在自关联关系，执行插入、修改操作时触发如下报错：

Column 'idTipoDoctoEntrada' is duplicated in mapping for entity 'com.provider.fatoria.model.ConfigPergunta' (use '@Column(insertable=false, updatable=false)' when mapping multiple properties to the same column)

需保留字段的插入和修改权限，无法直接使用提示的配置方式。

相关代码 #

ConfigPerguntaPk（嵌入式主键） #

@Embeddable
public class ConfigPerguntaPk {
    
    private Long idConfigPergunta;
    
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "idTipoDoctoEntrada")
    private TipoDoctoEntrada tipoDoctoEntrada;
}

ConfigPergunta（实体类） #

@Entity
@Table(name = "tbConfigPergunta")
@DynamicUpdate
public class ConfigPergunta {
    @EmbeddedId
    private ConfigPerguntaPk configPerguntaPk;
    
    private String txPergunta;
    private String txAbaDestinoResposta;
    private String txCelulaDestinoResposta;
    private Character indAtivo;
    
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "idUsuarioUltAtualizacao")
    private Usuario usuarioUltAtualizacao;
    private LocalDateTime dtHoraInclusao;
    private LocalDateTime dtHoraUltAtualizacao;
    
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumns({
        @JoinColumn(name = "idPerguntaClonada" ,referencedColumnName = "idConfigPergunta", insertable = true, updatable = true),
        @JoinColumn(name = "idTipoDoctoEntrada", referencedColumnName = "idTipoDoctoEntrada", insertable = true, updatable = true)
    })
    private ConfigPergunta configPerguntaClonada;
    
    private Character indPerguntaSuperAdmin;
}

错误日志 #

Caused by: jakarta.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.MappingException: Column 'idTipoDoctoEntrada' is duplicated in mapping for entity 'com.provider.fatoria.model.ConfigPergunta' (use '@Column(insertable=false, updatable=false)' when mapping multiple properties to the same column)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:421) ~[spring-orm-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:396) ~[spring-orm-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:366) ~[spring-orm-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1853) ~[spring-beans-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1802) ~[spring-beans-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    ... 106 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Column 'idTipoDoctoEntrada' is duplicated in mapping for entity 'com.provider.fatoria.model.ConfigPergunta' (use '@Column(insertable=false, updatable=false)' when mapping multiple properties to the same column)
    at org.hibernate.mapping.Value.checkColumnDuplication(Value.java:196) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.mapping.MappingHelper.checkPropertyColumnDuplication(MappingHelper.java:251) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.checkColumnDuplication(PersistentClass.java:939) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.validate(PersistentClass.java:694) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.mapping.RootClass.validate(RootClass.java:276) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataImpl.validate(MetadataImpl.java:496) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:280) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:457) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1506) ~[hibernate-core-6.5.3.Final.jar:6.5.3.Final]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:75) ~[spring-orm-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:390) ~[spring-orm-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:409) ~[spring-orm-6.1.13.jar:6.1.13]
    ... 110 common frames omitted

解决方案 #

报错原因是idTipoDoctoEntrada字段同时在嵌入式主键和自关联外键中被映射为可插入/更新，导致Hibernate冲突。根据数据库设计的不同，有两种解决方式：

方式一：修正自关联外键字段（推荐） #

若数据库表中自关联的外键是独立字段（比如idTipoDoctoEntradaClonada，而非复用当前实体的idTipoDoctoEntrada），修改ConfigPergunta中的自关联映射：

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumns({
    @JoinColumn(name = "idPerguntaClonada" ,referencedColumnName = "idConfigPergunta", insertable = true, updatable = true),
    // 将name改为自关联外键的实际字段名
    @JoinColumn(name = "idTipoDoctoEntradaClonada", referencedColumnName = "idTipoDoctoEntrada", insertable = true, updatable = true)
})
private ConfigPergunta configPerguntaClonada;

方式二：保留现有表结构，调整映射权限 #

若数据库表确实复用idTipoDoctoEntrada作为自关联外键的一部分，需将自关联映射中的该字段设为只读，通过主键字段控制插入和修改：

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumns({
    @JoinColumn(name = "idPerguntaClonada" ,referencedColumnName = "idConfigPergunta", insertable = true, updatable = true),
    // 该字段设为只读，通过configPerguntaPk.tipoDoctoEntrada进行插入/修改
    @JoinColumn(name = "idTipoDoctoEntrada", referencedColumnName = "idTipoDoctoEntrada", insertable = false, updatable = false)
})
private ConfigPergunta configPerguntaClonada;

此时，idTipoDoctoEntrada的插入和修改操作通过configPerguntaPk.tipoDoctoEntrada属性完成，自关联映射仅用于关联查询，不会影响字段的编辑权限。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Felipe Veiga