MongoDB Docker容器入口初始化脚本未执行问题求助

原帖在MongoDB社区论坛发布12小时未获回复，补充细节寻求帮助：

耗时一整天调试MongoDB的Docker部署始终失败，以下是配置及问题详情：

docker-compose.yml配置 #

services:
  app:
    build: ./app
    restart: unless-stopped
    env_file: "app/.env"
    ports:
      - 21865:21865
    depends_on:
      mongo:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - mongo-network
  
  mongo:
    image: mongo:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - 27017:27017
    env_file: "mongo/.env"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mongosh", "--eval", "db.adminCommand('ping')"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
    volumes:
      - ./mongo/data:/data/db
      - ./mongo/scripts:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
    networks:
      - mongo-network

networks:
  mongo-network:
    driver: bridge

初始化脚本（mongo/scripts/init.js） #

use db1;
db.col1.insertOne({"exists": true});
db.createUser({
    user: "<user>",
    pwd: "<pw>",
    roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "db1" } ]
});

use db2;
db.col2.insertOne({"exists": true});
db.createUser({
    user: "<user>",
    pwd: "<pw>",
    roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "db2" } ]
});

问题现象 #

• 启动Docker Compose后，以root用户执行docker-compose exec -it mongo mongosh -u "root" -p登录，运行show databases仅显示admin、config、local，看不到db1和db2：

  test> show databases;
  admin   100.00 KiB
  config   12.00 KiB
  local    72.00 KiB
  

• 应用尝试认证时持续失败，无论是否指定authSource均报错，日志片段：

  docker-compose logs mongo | grep <user>
  docker-server-mongo-1  | {"t":{"$date":"2024-10-20T17:31:28.573+00:00"},"s":"I",  "c":"ACCESS",   "id":20251,   "ctx":"conn300","msg":"Supported SASL mechanisms requested for unknown user","attr":{"user":{"user":"<user>","db":"<db1>"}}}
  docker-server-mongo-1  | {"t":{"$date":"2024-10-20T17:31:28.573+00:00"},"s":"I",  "c":"ACCESS",   "id":5286307, "ctx":"conn300","msg":"Failed to authenticate","attr":{"client":"192.168.160.3:44922","isSpeculative":true,"isClusterMember":false,"mechanism":"SCRAM-SHA-256","user":"<user>","db":"<db1>","error":"UserNotFound: Could not find user \"<user1>\" for db \"<db1>\"","result":11,"metrics":{"conversation_duration":{"micros":177,"summary":{"0":{"step":1,"step_total":2,"duration_micros":150}}}},"extraInfo":{}}}
  docker-server-mongo-1  | {"t":{"$date":"2024-10-20T17:31:28.575+00:00"},"s":"I",  "c":"ACCESS",   "id":5286307, "ctx":"conn300","msg":"Failed to authenticate","attr":{"client":"192.168.160.3:44922","isSpeculative":false,"isClusterMember":false,"mechanism":"SCRAM-SHA-1","user":"<user>","db":"<db1>","error":"UserNotFound: Could not find user \"<user>\" for db \"<db1>\"","result":11,"metrics":{"conversation_duration":{"micros":194,"summary":{"0":{"step":1,"step_total":2,"duration_micros":181}}}},"extraInfo":{}}}
  

• 已确认MongoDB服务本地及应用容器内均可访问：

  > curl localhost:27017
  It looks like you are trying to access MongoDB over HTTP on the native driver port.
  

  > docker-compose exec -it app bash
  bash-5.2# curl mongo:27017
  It looks like you are trying to access MongoDB over HTTP on the native driver port.
  

• 日志显示MongoDB已识别到初始化脚本，但脚本中添加的printjson({"This": "Works"})无任何输出：

  > docker-compose logs mongo | grep entrypoint
  docker-server-mongo-1  | /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.js
  > docker-compose logs mongo | grep This
  >
  

解决方案 #

• 清理数据卷重新初始化：MongoDB的初始化脚本仅在首次创建数据库（/data/db为空）时执行。若之前启动过容器，数据卷已有数据，脚本不会重复运行。执行：

  docker-compose down -v
  docker-compose up -d
  

• 检查root用户环境变量：确认mongo/.env中已设置MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME和MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD，初始化脚本需要root权限才能创建用户。
• 修改脚本添加错误捕获：给脚本加上异常捕获，输出执行过程中的错误，方便排查：

  try {
      use db1;
      printjson(db.col1.insertOne({"exists": true}));
      printjson(db.createUser({
          user: "<user>",
          pwd: "<pw>",
          roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "db1" } ]
      }));
  } catch (e) {
      printjson("db1初始化错误：" + e);
  }
  
  try {
      use db2;
      printjson(db.col2.insertOne({"exists": true}));
      printjson(db.createUser({
          user: "<user>",
          pwd: "<pw>",
          roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "db2" } ]
      }));
  } catch (e) {
      printjson("db2初始化错误：" + e);
  }
  

• 验证脚本文件权限：确保init.js文件权限为容器可读，执行：

  chmod 644 ./mongo/scripts/init.js
  

• 修正应用连接字符串：应用连接时需指定正确的authSource，例如连接db1的用户，连接字符串格式应为：

  mongodb://<user>:<pw>@mongo:27017/db1?authSource=db1
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LeopardL GD