如何用PowerShell查询多显示器的分辨率、刷新率等属性？

需求背景 #

设备配备2-3台显示器，需获取每台显示器的以下属性：

• HorizontalResolution（水平分辨率）
• VerticalResolution（垂直分辨率）
• MaxRefreshRate（最大刷新率）
• RefreshRate（当前刷新率）

已尝试的方法存在局限：

• Get-CimInstance WmiMonitorID -Namespace root\wmi仅能获取部分显示器标识信息，缺少所需的分辨率与刷新率数据
• 调用CIM_MonitorResolution类无报错但无输出
• CIM_VideoControllerResolution能拿到分辨率和刷新率，但无法对应到具体显示器

解决方案1：通过WMI/CIM类关联获取 #

利用Win32_DesktopMonitor与WmiMonitorBasicDisplayParams类的关联，同时遍历CIM_MonitorResolution获取最大刷新率：

# 获取所有显示器的基础信息
$desktopMonitors = Get-CimInstance Win32_DesktopMonitor

foreach ($monitor in $desktopMonitors) {
    # 获取当前显示器的实时分辨率与刷新率
    $basicParams = Get-CimInstance -Namespace root\wmi -ClassName WmiMonitorBasicDisplayParams |
        Where-Object { $_.InstanceName -match [regex]::Escape($monitor.PNPDeviceID) }

    # 获取该显示器支持的所有分辨率模式，提取最大刷新率
    $supportedResolutions = Get-CimInstance CIM_MonitorResolution |
        Where-Object { $_.Monitor -like "*$($monitor.DeviceID)*" }
    
    $maxRefresh = if ($supportedResolutions) {
        ($supportedResolutions | Sort-Object MaxRefreshRate -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).MaxRefreshRate
    } else {
        "无法获取"
    }

    # 输出结构化结果
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        显示器名称 = $monitor.Name
        水平分辨率 = $basicParams.HorizontalResolution
        垂直分辨率 = $basicParams.VerticalResolution
        当前刷新率 = $basicParams.CurrentRefreshRate
        最大刷新率 = $maxRefresh
    }
}

解决方案2：调用Win32 API直接获取（更可靠） #

若WMI类无输出，可通过调用user32.dll的EnumDisplaySettingsAPI获取精确的每台显示器数据：

# 导入Win32 API定义
Add-Type @"
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public class DisplayUtils {
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct DEVMODE {
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
        public string dmDeviceName;
        public short dmSpecVersion;
        public short dmDriverVersion;
        public short dmSize;
        public short dmDriverExtra;
        public int dmFields;
        public int dmPositionX;
        public int dmPositionY;
        public int dmDisplayOrientation;
        public int dmDisplayFixedOutput;
        public short dmColor;
        public short dmDuplex;
        public short dmYResolution;
        public short dmTTOption;
        public short dmCollate;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
        public string dmFormName;
        public short dmLogPixels;
        public int dmBitsPerPel;
        public int dmPelsWidth;
        public int dmPelsHeight;
        public int dmDisplayFlags;
        public int dmDisplayFrequency;
        public int dmICMMethod;
        public int dmICMIntent;
        public int dmMediaType;
        public int dmDitherType;
        public int dmReserved1;
        public int dmReserved2;
        public int dmPanningWidth;
        public int dmPanningHeight;
    }

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    public static extern bool EnumDisplaySettings(string lpszDeviceName, int iModeNum, ref DEVMODE lpDevMode);
}
"@

# 获取所有显示器的设备名称（去重）
$monitorDevices = @()
$modeIndex = 0
while ($true) {
    $devMode = New-Object DisplayUtils+DEVMODE
    $devMode.dmSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($devMode)
    $success = [DisplayUtils]::EnumDisplaySettings($null, $modeIndex, [ref]$devMode)
    if (-not $success) { break }
    if ($devMode.dmDeviceName -notin $monitorDevices) {
        $monitorDevices += $devMode.dmDeviceName
    }
    $modeIndex++
}

# 遍历每台显示器，获取当前及最大刷新率
foreach ($device in $monitorDevices) {
    $currentRes = $null
    $maxRefresh = 0
    $modeIndex = 0
    while ($true) {
        $devMode = New-Object DisplayUtils+DEVMODE
        $devMode.dmSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($devMode)
        $success = [DisplayUtils]::EnumDisplaySettings($device, $modeIndex, [ref]$devMode)
        if (-not $success) { break }

        # 标记当前激活的分辨率模式
        if ($devMode.dmFields -band 0x00000040) { # DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT | DM_DISPLAYFREQUENCY
            if (-not $currentRes) {
                $currentRes = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    显示器设备名 = $device
                    水平分辨率 = $devMode.dmPelsWidth
                    垂直分辨率 = $devMode.dmPelsHeight
                    当前刷新率 = $devMode.dmDisplayFrequency
                }
            }
            if ($devMode.dmDisplayFrequency -gt $maxRefresh) {
                $maxRefresh = $devMode.dmDisplayFrequency
            }
        }
        $modeIndex++
    }

    if ($currentRes) {
        $currentRes | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "最大刷新率" -Value $maxRefresh
        $currentRes
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jared Heinrichs