Nginx搭配Passenger时无法提供预压缩缓存文件的问题求助

在Nginx搭配Passenger运行Rails应用时，已对部分静态文件启用页面缓存，会在public目录生成.html及预压缩的.html.gz文件。单独使用Nginx时可正常返回.html.gz，但开启passenger_enabled on后，Nginx不再使用预压缩文件，而是实时压缩.html返回。

已确认Nginx编译时包含所需模块：--with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module

当前核心HTTP配置：

http {
  gzip on;
  gzip_static on;
  gunzip on;
}

当前Server块配置：

server {
    listen          0.0.0.0:443 ssl http2;
    server_name     example.com;
    root /home/example/www.example.com/current/public;
    access_log  /home/example/log/access.log;
    
    include /etc/nginx/bots.d/ddos.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/bots.d/blockbots.conf;

    ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/privkey.pem;

    fastcgi_param HTTPS                 on;
    fastcgi_param SSL_PROTOCOL          $ssl_protocol;
    fastcgi_param SSL_CIPHER            $ssl_cipher;
    fastcgi_param SSL_SESSION_ID        $ssl_session_id;
    fastcgi_param SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY     $ssl_client_verify;  

    passenger_enabled on;

    location ~* ^(.+)\.(png|jpe?g)$ {
        set $base $1;
        set $avif_uri $base$avif_suffix; # image.avif
        set $avif_with_orig_uri $base.$2.$avif_suffix; # image.png.avif
    
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
        add_header ETag "";
        add_header Vary Accept;
        log_not_found off;
        try_files $avif_uri $avif_with_orig_uri $uri =404;    
    }
    location ~ ^/assets/ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
        add_header ETag "";
        break;
    }
}

问题根源是Passenger启用后会接管所有请求流程，包括静态文件请求，导致Nginx的gzip_static模块无法优先处理预压缩文件。需添加显式的location块匹配.html文件，强制Nginx先处理这类请求，跳过Passenger的接管。

调整后的Server块配置如下：

server {
    listen          0.0.0.0:443 ssl http2;
    server_name     example.com;
    root /home/example/www.example.com/current/public;
    access_log  /home/example/log/access.log;
    
    include /etc/nginx/bots.d/ddos.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/bots.d/blockbots.conf;

    ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/privkey.pem;

    fastcgi_param HTTPS                 on;
    fastcgi_param SSL_PROTOCOL          $ssl_protocol;
    fastcgi_param SSL_CIPHER            $ssl_cipher;
    fastcgi_param SSL_SESSION_ID        $ssl_session_id;
    fastcgi_param SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY     $ssl_client_verify;  

    # 优先处理HTML文件，启用gzip_static
    location ~* \.html$ {
        gzip_static on;
        expires max;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
        add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
    }

    passenger_enabled on;

    location ~* ^(.+)\.(png|jpe?g)$ {
        set $base $1;
        set $avif_uri $base$avif_suffix; # image.avif
        set $avif_with_orig_uri $base.$2.$avif_suffix; # image.png.avif
    
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
        add_header ETag "";
        add_header Vary Accept;
        log_not_found off;
        try_files $avif_uri $avif_with_orig_uri $uri =404;    
    }
    location ~ ^/assets/ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
        add_header ETag "";
        break;
    }
}

关键说明 #

1. 添加的location ~* \.html$块必须放在passenger_enabled on之前，Nginx会按location块顺序匹配请求，优先匹配的块先处理。
2. 在该location块中显式启用gzip_static on，确保Nginx优先查找并返回预压缩的.html.gz文件。
3. 添加Vary Accept-Encoding头，帮助缓存服务器正确区分不同编码的请求。
4. 保留passenger_enabled on，确保Rails动态请求仍由Passenger处理。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mark Robinson