Git推送GitHub仓库失败：连接重置与大文件超限问题求助

问题背景 #

• 运行环境：Windows 10，Git 2.34.1
• 异常现象：仅WoundSize仓库的所有分支推送失败，其他仓库推送正常
• 初始错误：将http.postBuffer调至1GB后，仍出现RPC连接重置错误，具体报错如下：

PS C:\path\ git push --set-upstream origin working_branch_app --verbose
Pushing to https://github.com/Skymero/WoundSize.git
Enumerating objects: 44290, done.
Counting objects: 100% (44290/44290), done.
Delta compression using up to 16 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (35065/35065), done.
Writing objects: 100% (44276/44276), 701.84 MiB | 124.79 MiB/s, done.
Total 44276 (delta 9221), reused 38538 (delta 7978), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
POST git-receive-pack (735935268 bytes)
error: RPC failed; curl 55 Send failure: Connection was reset
send-pack: unexpected disconnect while reading sideband packet
fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly
Everything up-to-date

已尝试的操作：

• 检查GitHub状态页、网络连接，更换ISP
• 调整Git压缩配置、修改postBuffer参数
• 切换HTTPS/SSH协议、重新关联远程仓库
• 调整Pack与Buffer配置，重新生成SSH密钥并确认连接成功

更新后的问题：大文件超限错误 #

调整配置后推送，出现GitHub大文件限制报错，具体信息如下：

PS C:\Users\USER\WoundSize\WoundSize> git push origin main --force 
Enumerating objects: 46274, done.
Counting objects: 100% (46274/46274), done.
Compressing objects: 100% (37861/37861), done.
Writing objects: 100% (46274/46274), 871.98 MiB | 9.33 MiB/s, done.
Total 46274 (delta 10659), reused 38766 (delta 7161), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (10659/10659), done.
remote: warning: File .venv/Lib/site-packages/cv2/cv2.pyd is 71.00 MB; this is larger than GitHub's recommended maximum file size of 50.00 MB
remote: warning: File efficientnetb3_deepskin_semantic.zip is 73.94 MB; this is larger than GitHub's recommended maximum file size of 50.00 MB
remote: warning: File checkpoints/efficientnetb3_deepskin_semantic.h5 is 80.71 MB; this is larger than GitHub's recommended maximum file size of 50.00 M 
remote: warning: File .venv/Lib/site-packages/clang/native/libclang.dll is 80.10 MB; this is larger than GitHub's recommended maximum file size of 50.00 MB
remote: error: Trace: b881d3427e8c252783de34646ff6dc1637854a7dc76f497bebbb38bb8e2bebc3
remote: error: File .venv/Lib/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.pyd is 943.41 MB; this exceeds GitHub's file size limit of 100.00 MB
remote: error: GH001: Large files detected. You may want to try Git Large File Storage.
To github.com:Skymero/WoundSize.git
 ! [remote rejected]   main -> main (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'github.com:Skymero/WoundSize.git'

用户尝试删除本地仓库重新克隆、新建虚拟环境并安装依赖、添加相关文件到.gitignore，但问题依旧。

解决方案 #

1. 彻底清除Git历史中的大文件 #

.gitignore仅对未跟踪文件生效，已提交到历史的大文件必须从仓库历史中移除，推荐使用git filter-repo工具（替代老旧的filter-branch，更安全高效）：

• 安装git-filter-repo：Windows用户可通过Chocolatey执行choco install git-filter-repo，或直接下载官方脚本使用
• 列出仓库中所有大文件：

  git rev-list --objects --all | grep -E "$(git verify-pack -v .git/objects/pack/*.idx | sort -k 3 -n | tail -20 | awk '{print$1}')"
  

• 删除指定超限文件（以最大的_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.pyd为例）：

  git filter-repo --path .venv/Lib/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.pyd --invert-paths
  

• 对其他超限文件重复上述删除命令：

  git filter-repo --path .venv/Lib/site-packages/cv2/cv2.pyd --invert-paths
  git filter-repo --path efficientnetb3_deepskin_semantic.zip --invert-paths
  git filter-repo --path checkpoints/efficientnetb3_deepskin_semantic.h5 --invert-paths
  git filter-repo --path .venv/Lib/site-packages/clang/native/libclang.dll --invert-paths
  

• 强制推送清理后的仓库历史：

  git push origin main --force
  

2. 配置.gitignore避免重复提交大文件 #

确保.gitignore包含以下规则，阻止虚拟环境和大文件被Git跟踪：

# 虚拟环境目录
.venv/
venv/
env/

# 大文件类型
*.h5
*.zip
*.pyd
*.dll

# 模型 checkpoint 目录
checkpoints/

添加后提交规则：

git add .gitignore
git commit -m "Add gitignore rules to exclude large files and venv"
git push origin main

3. 可选：用Git LFS管理必要的大文件 #

如果部分大文件（如训练好的模型）需要保留在仓库中，可使用Git LFS：

• 安装Git LFS：

  git lfs install
  

• 跟踪指定类型的大文件：

  git lfs track "*.h5"
  git lfs track "*.zip"
  git lfs track "*.pyd"
  git lfs track "*.dll"
  

• 提交跟踪配置文件：

  git add .gitattributes
  git commit -m "Track large files with Git LFS"
  git push origin main
  

注意事项 #

• 强制推送会覆盖远程仓库历史，需通知团队成员同步本地仓库：git fetch origin && git reset --hard origin/main
• 虚拟环境不应提交到Git，始终通过requirements.txt管理依赖，其他开发者可执行pip install -r requirements.txt重建环境

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Skymero