GitHub Actions macos-latest环境中Docker启动失败的问题求助

你的工作流主要有两个核心问题导致Docker无法在GitHub Actions的macOS环境中正常启动：

错误点1：重复安装Docker且启动方式错误 #

GitHub Actions的macos-latest runner已经预装了Docker Desktop，不需要再用brew install --cask docker重复安装，反而可能引发冲突。更关键的是，open /Applications/Docker.app在无头CI环境（无图形界面）中无法完成Docker的初始化流程——Docker Desktop首次启动需要用户交互（比如同意许可协议、配置资源），而CI环境没有GUI，导致Docker daemon根本没有真正启动。

错误点2：等待逻辑无法解决初始化问题 #

你的循环等待逻辑只是检查docker info的输出，但由于daemon从未启动，最终会超时失败。

解决方案：改用Colima启动容器运行时（推荐） #

Colima是轻量的Docker兼容容器运行时，专为无头环境设计，无需GUI交互就能快速启动ARM64架构的容器环境。替换你工作流中的Start Docker步骤为以下内容：

- name: Start Docker with Colima
  run: |
    brew install colima docker
    # 启动Colima，指定ARM64架构和4G内存（可根据需求调整）
    colima start --arch aarch64 --memory 4
    
    TIMEOUT=120
    INTERVAL=5
    for i in $(seq 1 $((TIMEOUT / INTERVAL))); do
     if docker info > /dev/null 2>&1; then
       echo "Docker is running."
       break
     fi
     echo "Waiting for Docker to start..."
     sleep $INTERVAL
    done
    docker info

备选方案：修复Docker Desktop启动（不推荐） #

如果坚持使用Docker Desktop，需要跳过初始化向导并以后台方式启动：

- name: Start Docker Desktop
  run: |
    # 跳过Docker Desktop首次启动的初始化向导
    defaults write com.docker.docker skip-initial-setup -bool true
    # 后台启动Docker Desktop
    open -g /Applications/Docker.app
    
    TIMEOUT=120
    INTERVAL=5
    for i in $(seq 1 $((TIMEOUT / INTERVAL))); do
     if docker info > /dev/null 2>&1; then
       echo "Docker is running."
       break
     fi
     echo "Waiting for Docker to start..."
     sleep $INTERVAL
    done
    docker info

完整修正后的工作流 #

以下是替换Start Docker步骤后的完整工作流：

name: Build backend Docker image

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: macos-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Start Docker with Colima
        run: |
          brew install colima docker
          colima start --arch aarch64 --memory 4
          
          TIMEOUT=120
          INTERVAL=5
          for i in $(seq 1 $((TIMEOUT / INTERVAL))); do
           if docker info > /dev/null 2>&1; then
             echo "Docker is running."
             break
           fi
           echo "Waiting for Docker to start..."
           sleep $INTERVAL
          done
          docker info

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2

      - name: Cache Docker layers
        uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ github.sha }}
          restore-keys: |
            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-

      - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
        uses: docker/login-action@v2
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and push Docker image
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: .
          file: ./backend.dockerfile
          push: true
          tags: |
            ghcr.io/me/repo:v0
            ghcr.io/me/repo:latest
          platforms: linux/arm64

      - name: Post job clean up
        if: always()
        run: |
          docker system prune -f
          colima stop

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者flimsy