Ubuntu 22.04（Dell OptiPlex 7050）陷入紧急模式无法正常启动的解决求助

我的戴尔OptiPlex 7050装了Ubuntu 22.04，现在完全没法正常启动，一直卡在黑屏界面，重复弹出下面这段提示：

You are in emergency mode. After logging in, type "journalctl -xb" to view system logs, "systemctl reboot", "systemctl default" or "exit"
to boot into default mode.

Press enter for maintenance
or press Control-D to continue.

我知道遇到这个问题的人不在少数，但翻了好多资料都没找到能解决我这个情况的方案。

另外我还看到过这样的报错信息：

Reloading system manager configuration
Starting default target
Failed to start default target: Transaction for graphical .target/start is destructive (emergency.target has 'start' job queued, but 'stop' is included in transaction).

我怀疑问题根源出在文件系统上，于是执行了journalctl -xb命令查看系统日志，结果发现大量类似这样的报错行：

blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda sector...
Buffer I/O error on dev sda1, logical block...
(...)
ata1: EH complete
systemd-fsck[864]: fsck failed with exit status 4.
systemd-fsck[864]: Running request emergency.target/start/start/replace
systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by ... Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
(...)
A start job for unit ureadahead-stop.service has finished successfully

日志最后显示某个服务启动成功，但问题依然存在。我仔细检查了/etc/fstab文件，没发现任何异常配置。

有没有大佬能指点一下，我该怎么跳出这个困境啊？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Clapas