Windows下Python3.12.4虚拟环境安装mmaction遇Pillow编译错误求助

在Windows系统的Python3.12.4版本虚拟环境（venv）中安装mmaction模块时，始终出现Pillow编译依赖zlib缺失的错误，具体报错如下：

RequiredDependencyException: zlib

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
    File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\babic\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-w9fq41js\pillow_fa46dd3e9ace49e494ddbe12da2bf332\setup.py", line 903, in <module>
      raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)
  RequiredDependencyException:

  The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
  a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

  Please see the install instructions at:
     https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html


  [end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for Pillow
Running setup.py clean for Pillow
Failed to build Pillow
ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (Pillow)

已尝试以下命令但未解决问题：

pip install mmaction
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade Pillow
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install --upgrade pillow
python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
pip install Pillow  # was installed successfully

• 直接安装预编译的Pillow wheel包
  跳过源码编译步骤，强制使用适配Windows和Python3.12的预编译版本，执行命令：

  pip install pillow --only-binary :all:
  

  也可以指定兼容的具体版本（比如10.3.0）：

  pip install pillow==10.3.0 --only-binary :all:
  

  安装完成后再尝试安装mmaction。

• 手动配置zlib依赖

  1. 下载适配Windows系统的zlib开发包（需包含头文件和库文件），解压后找到include和lib目录；
  2. 添加系统环境变量：
     • 新建INCLUDE变量，将zlib的include路径加入；
     • 新建LIB变量，将zlib的lib路径加入；
  3. 重启命令行窗口，激活虚拟环境后重新安装mmaction。

• 切换到conda环境管理依赖
  若venv环境下依赖问题难以排查，可尝试用conda创建环境：

  # 创建新环境
  conda create -n mmaction_env python=3.12.4
  # 激活环境
  conda activate mmaction_env
  # 安装conda维护的Pillow版本
  conda install pillow
  # 安装mmaction
  pip install mmaction
  

• 重建虚拟环境
  删除现有虚拟环境，重新创建并初始化：

  # 删除旧虚拟环境（替换为你的环境路径）
  rm -r C:\path\to\your\venv
  # 新建虚拟环境
  python -m venv mmaction_venv
  # 激活环境
  mmaction_venv\Scripts\activate
  # 升级基础工具
  python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
  # 安装预编译Pillow
  pip install pillow --only-binary :all:
  # 安装mmaction
  pip install mmaction
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者marina05