Android应用Crashlytics无法显示C++原生符号，此前正常

我的Android/Java应用包含原生C库，此前Crashlytics的原生崩溃报告能正常解析并显示C符号，但在某次升级Gradle、Crashlytics等依赖后，符号突然无法正常显示。

我已经按照Crashlytics官方文档重新配置了项目（没有从零新建项目），所有配置细节都逐一核对过，问题仍然存在。

目前Google Play Console可以正常显示符号，且Build ID与应用一致，但Play Console的崩溃排查体验远不如Crashlytics；另外，旧版本应用的崩溃报告依然能正常显示C++符号，说明不是服务端的问题。

我尝试过调整unstrippedNativeLibsDir参数，不管有没有设置这个参数，结果都没有变化。

以下是我的应用级和全局build.gradle代码：

应用级 build.gradle #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services' // Google services Gradle plugin (for Crashlytics and maybe smth else)
    id 'com.google.firebase.crashlytics'
}

android {
    compileSdk 34
    ndkVersion "27.1.12297006"
    buildToolsVersion = '35.0.0'

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility 11
        targetCompatibility 11
    }

    namespace 'com.Me.MyApp'

    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding = true
        buildConfig = true
    }

    def appVersionCode = 100

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.Me.MyApp"
        versionCode appVersionCode
        versionName appVersionCode

        minSdkVersion 21
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion android.compileSdk

        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                cppFlags "-std=c++20 -frtti -fexceptions -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_AUTO_PTR -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_BINDERS -Wno-register -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer"
                cFlags "-Wno-deprecated-register -funwind-tables -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wno-register -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-exceptions -Wno-unused-value"
                arguments "-DANDROID_STL=c++_static",
                        "-DANDROID_ARM_MODE=arm",
                        "-DANDROID_SUPPORT_FLEXIBLE_PAGE_SIZES=ON"
            }
        }
        resourceConfigurations << 'en' << 'de' << 'es' << 'fr' << 'it' << 'ja' << 'nl' << 'pl' << 'uk' << 'zh'
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            externalNativeBuild {
                cmake {
                    abiFilters "armeabi-v7a","arm64-v8a","x86_64"
                    cppFlags "-O3 -mllvm -polly"
                    cFlags "-O3 -mllvm -polly"
                }
            }

            minifyEnabled = false

            ndk {
                debugSymbolLevel 'FULL'
            }
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release

            firebaseCrashlytics {
                nativeSymbolUploadEnabled true

                applicationVariants.all { variant ->
                    firebaseCrashlytics {
                        unstrippedNativeLibsDir 'build/intermediates/merged_native_libs/release/mergeReleaseNativeLibs/out/lib/${variant.name}/'
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        debug {
            externalNativeBuild {
                cmake {
                    abiFilters "arm64-v8a", "x86_64"
                    cppFlags "-O0 -D_DEBUG=1"
                    cFlags "-O0 -D_DEBUG=1"
                }
            }

            minifyEnabled = false
        }
    }

    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            path "CMakeLists.txt"
        }
    }
}

repositories {
    google()
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.7.0'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.12.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.2.0'
    implementation 'androidx.documentfile:documentfile:1.0.1'

    implementation "com.android.billingclient:billing:7.1.1"

    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-ndk:19.2.1'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:22.1.2'
}

全局 build.gradle #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '8.7.2' apply false
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services' version '4.4.2' apply false
    id 'com.google.firebase.crashlytics' version '3.0.2' apply false
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    tasks.withType(JavaCompile).tap {
        configureEach {
            options.compilerArgs << "-Xlint:unchecked" << "-Xlint:deprecation"
        }
    }
}

tasks.register('clean', Delete) {
    delete rootProject.layout.buildDirectory
}

希望能得到有效的解决方案。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Violet Giraffe