PyInstaller打包Python AI脚本遇MultiplexedPath路径错误求助

错误详情 #

执行打包后的可执行文件时触发以下错误：

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tkinter\__init__.py", line 1967, in __call__
  File "UX.py", line 99, in enter_key_event
  File "UX.py", line 44, in question
  File "UX.py", line 58, in execution_IA
  File "files\RAG_modif_pour_UX.py", line 249, in main
  File "files\RAG_modif_pour_UX.py", line 136, in add_to_chroma
  File "langchain_chroma\vectorstores.py", line 313, in __init__
  File "chromadb\__init__.py", line 334, in Client
  File "chromadb\api\client.py", line 58, in __init__
  File "chromadb\api\shared_system_client.py", line 19, in __init__
  File "chromadb\api\shared_system_client.py", line 30, in _create_system_if_not_exists
  File "chromadb\config.py", line 425, in instance
  File "chromadb\api\segment.py", line 124, in __init__
  File "chromadb\config.py", line 318, in require
  File "chromadb\config.py", line 425, in instance
  File "chromadb\db\impl\sqlite.py", line 74, in __init__
  File "importlib_resources\_common.py", line 46, in wrapper
  File "importlib_resources\_common.py", line 56, in files
  File "importlib_resources\_common.py", line 117, in from_package
  File "importlib_resources\future\adapters.py", line 65, in get_resource_reader
  File "importlib_resources\future\adapters.py", line 70, in _standard_reader
  File "importlib_resources\future\adapters.py", line 78, in _namespace_reader
  File "importlib_resources\readers.py", line 141, in __init__
  File "importlib_resources\readers.py", line 76, in __init__
FileNotFoundError: MultiplexedPath must contain at least one path

已尝试操作 #

• 在spec文件中添加多个隐式导入模块
• 使用指定路径的打包命令：

pyinstaller --paths=/path/to/file  --hidden-import chromadb.db.impl.sqlite --hidden-import chromadb.api --hidden-import chromadb.config --hidden-import chromadb.api.client --hidden-import chromadb.migrations --hidden-import chromadb.migrations.embeddings_queue UX.py

• 清理spec文件，确认所有必要文件位于指定目录

当前spec文件内容 #

# -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*- 


a = Analysis(
    ['UX.py'],
    pathex=['C:\\Users\\xx\\HL-Documents\\python modif\\OLLAMA rag v2'],
    binaries=[],
    datas=[],
    hiddenimports=['chromadb.db.impl.sqlite', 'chromadb.api', 'chromadb.config', 'chromadb.api.client', 'chromadb.migrations', 'chromadb.migrations.embeddings_queue', 'importlib_resources'],
    hookspath=["\hooks"],
    hooksconfig={},
    runtime_hooks=[],
    excludes=[],
    noarchive=False,
    optimize=0,
)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure)

exe = EXE(
    pyz,
    a.scripts,
    a.binaries,
    a.datas,
    [],
    name='UX',
    debug=False,
    bootloader_ignore_signals=False,
    strip=False,
    upx=True,
    upx_exclude=[],
    runtime_tmpdir=None,
    console=True,
    disable_windowed_traceback=False,
    argv_emulation=False,
    target_arch=None,
    codesign_identity=None,
    entitlements_file=None,
)

脚本导入部分代码 #

import customtkinter as ctk
from tkinter import filedialog
import time
from time import sleep
import os
import shutil
from files import RAG_modif_pour_UX
from pydantic.deprecated import decorator
from chromadb.telemetry.product import posthog
from chromadb.api import segment
from langchain_ollama import OllamaEmbeddings
from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
from langchain_chroma import Chroma
from langchain_community.document_loaders import UnstructuredPDFLoader
from langchain_community.document_loaders import OnlinePDFLoader
from langchain.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate, PromptTemplate
from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser
from langchain_ollama import ChatOllama
from langchain_core.runnables import RunnablePassthrough
import os
from langchain.schema.document import Document
import shutil
from chromadb.utils.embedding_functions.onnx_mini_lm_l6_v2 import ONNXMiniLM_L6_V2
import subprocess
import sys

解决建议 #

1. 自动收集ChromaDB资源文件 #

修改打包命令，使用--collect-data参数自动收集chromadb所需的资源文件，避免手动遗漏：

pyinstaller --collect-data chromadb --hidden-import=importlib_resources UX.py

2. 手动添加ChromaDB资源到spec的datas #

如果自动收集无效，找到Python环境中chromadb的安装路径（如Lib/site-packages/chromadb），将相关资源目录添加到spec的datas列表中：

import sys
import os

a = Analysis(
    ['UX.py'],
    pathex=['C:\\Users\\xx\\HL-Documents\\python modif\\OLLAMA rag v2'],
    binaries=[],
    datas=[
        (os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Lib', 'site-packages', 'chromadb', 'migrations'), 'chromadb/migrations'),
        (os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Lib', 'site-packages', 'chromadb', 'db', 'impl', 'sqlite'), 'chromadb/db/impl/sqlite'),
        (os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Lib', 'site-packages', 'chromadb', 'utils', 'embedding_functions'), 'chromadb/utils/embedding_functions'),
    ],
    # 其他参数保持不变...
)

3. 创建ChromaDB自定义Hook #

在项目目录下创建hooks文件夹，新建hook-chromadb.py文件，内容如下：

from PyInstaller.utils.hooks import collect_data_files, collect_submodules

datas = collect_data_files('chromadb')
hiddenimports = collect_submodules('chromadb')

然后修改spec文件的hookspath为实际的hooks目录路径（如hookspath=['./hooks']）。

4. 禁用ChromaDB遥测 #

在脚本开头添加以下代码，避免遥测模块触发路径问题：

import chromadb
chromadb.api.settings.TELEMETRY = False

5. 指定Chroma持久化绝对路径 #

在创建Chroma向量库时，明确指定绝对路径作为持久化目录：

vectorstore = Chroma.from_documents(
    documents=docs,
    embedding=embeddings,
    persist_directory=os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "chroma_db")
)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alex