搭建深度学习环境：安装scikit-misc包时遇编译错误

问题背景 #

在arm64架构macOS的conda环境（py38tor19）中执行pip install scikit-misc时，出现元数据生成失败错误，核心原因是环境内的/Users/wuyang/anaconda3/envs/py38tor19/bin/arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-gfortran编译器无法正常编译程序，meson构建工具抛出错误。

完整错误日志：

Collecting scikit-misc
Using cached scikit_misc-0.2.0.tar.gz (247 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Installing backend dependencies ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [17 lines of output]
+ meson setup /private/var/folders/fz/_9vjnd3108ldp9pp9l66swgr0000gn/T/pip-install-wnjt0p1c/scikit-misc_8b58ae08c95243f1b478e2d54d678191 /private/var/folders/fz/_9vjnd3108ldp9pp9l66swgr0000gn/T/pip-install-wnjt0p1c/scikit-misc_8b58ae08c95243f1b478e2d54d678191/.mesonpy-e6ut0255 -Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --native-file=/private/var/folders/fz/_9vjnd3108ldp9pp9l66swgr0000gn/T/pip-install-wnjt0p1c/scikit-misc_8b58ae08c95243f1b478e2d54d678191/.mesonpy-e6ut0255/meson-python-native-file.ini
The Meson build system
Version: 1.6.0
Source dir: /private/var/folders/fz/_9vjnd3108ldp9pp9l66swgr0000gn/T/pip-install-wnjt0p1c/scikit-misc_8b58ae08c95243f1b478e2d54d678191
Build dir: /private/var/folders/fz/_9vjnd3108ldp9pp9l66swgr0000gn/T/pip-install-wnjt0p1c/scikit-misc_8b58ae08c95243f1b478e2d54d678191/.mesonpy-e6ut0255
Build type: native build
Project name: scikit-misc
Project version: 0.2.0
C compiler for the host machine: arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang (clang 14.0.6 "clang version 14.0.6")
C linker for the host machine: arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang ld64 530
Cython compiler for the host machine: cython (cython 3.0.11)
Host machine cpu family: aarch64
Host machine cpu: aarch64

../meson.build:18:0: ERROR: Compiler /Users/wuyang/anaconda3/envs/py38tor19/bin/arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-gfortran cannot compile programs.

A full log can be found at /private/var/folders/fz/_9vjnd3108ldp9pp9l66swgr0000gn/T/pip-install-wnjt0p1c/scikit-misc_8b58ae08c95243f1b478e2d54d678191/.mesonpy-e6ut0255/meson-logs/meson-log.txt
[end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

解决方案 #

方案1：修复conda环境中的gfortran编译器 #

conda自带的gfortran可能存在适配问题，重新安装适配arm64的版本：

• 卸载当前gfortran：

  conda uninstall -y gfortran
  

• 从conda-forge安装适配arm64的gfortran：

  conda install -c conda-forge gfortran
  

• 验证安装成功：

  gfortran --version
  

  确认输出包含正常的版本信息（如GNU Fortran (Homebrew GCC 13.2.0) 13.2.0）。

方案2：清理缓存后重新用pip安装 #

修复编译器后，清理pip缓存再尝试安装：

pip cache purge
pip install scikit-misc

方案3：直接使用conda预编译包（推荐） #

避免编译环节，直接安装conda-forge提供的预编译scikit-misc包：

conda install -c conda-forge scikit-misc

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Layister