R中ggrain包加载失败求助：依赖安装异常且无法升级R

我需要用ggrain包绘制raincloud图，但在安装和加载过程中遇到一系列问题：

• 环境：R 4.2.0（2022-04-22）、macOS 12.5.1
• 安装ggrain时，终端提示安装成功，但伴随ggpp安装失败的警告：

✔ Package 'ggrain' successfully installed.
Warning messages:
1: In utils::install.packages("ggpp", repos = "https://cran.rstudio.com/") :
  installation of package ‘ggpp’ had non-zero exit status
2: In utils::install.packages("ggrain", repos = "https://cran.rstudio.com/") :
  installation of package ‘ggpp’ had non-zero exit status
3: In utils::install.packages("ggrain", repos = "https://cran.rstudio.com/") :
  installation of package ‘ggrain’ had non-zero exit status

实际运行library(ggrain)时，收到错误：

Error in library(ggrain) : there is no package called ‘ggrain’

• 单独安装ggpp时，因依赖MASS版本不足导致失败，具体错误：

> install.packages("ggpp")
Warning in install.packages :
  dependency ‘MASS’ is not available

  There is a binary version available but the source version is later:

installing the source package ‘ggpp’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/ggpp_0.5.8-1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 2438202 bytes (2.3 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 2.3 MB

* installing *source* package ‘ggpp’ ...
** package ‘ggpp’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** R
** data
*** moving datasets to lazyload DB
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(j <- i[[1L]], c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[j]]) : 
  namespace ‘MASS’ 7.3-56 is being loaded, but >= 7.3.58 is required
Calls: <Anonymous> ... namespaceImportFrom -> asNamespace -> loadNamespace
Execution halted
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package ‘ggpp’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.2/Resources/library/ggpp’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ggpp’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘/private/var/folders/h1/bl7yyr4120sdhmgc0mh7ybn80000gn/T/RtmpJinAMm/downloaded_packages’
> library(ggpp)
Error in library(ggpp) : there is no package called ‘ggpp’

• 尝试升级R到4.2.2时无法安装到本机，已尝试重启R、卸载重装R、清理环境/历史/控制台，均无效。

1. 升级依赖包MASS #

ggpp要求MASS版本≥7.3.58，先手动升级：

# 优先安装二进制版本（更快，无需编译）
install.packages("MASS", type = "binary")

如果二进制版本仍未满足要求，先安装Xcode命令行工具（终端执行xcode-select --install），再从源码安装：

install.packages("MASS", type = "source")

2. 重新安装ggpp #

MASS升级完成后，安装ggpp：

install.packages("ggpp", type = "binary")
# 二进制安装失败则尝试源码安装
install.packages("ggpp", type = "source")

3. 安装ggrain #

ggpp安装成功后，安装ggrain：

# CRAN安装
install.packages("ggrain")
# 若CRAN版本有问题，从GitHub安装
devtools::install_github("djnavarro/ggrain")

4. 替代方案：无需ggrain绘制raincloud图 #

如果以上步骤仍失败，可直接用ggplot2+ggridges+geom_jitter实现相同效果，无需依赖ggrain：

# 安装所需包
install.packages(c("ggplot2", "ggridges"))

# 示例代码（以iris数据集为例）
library(ggplot2)
library(ggridges)

ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Species)) +
  # 绘制密度脊线（云的部分）
  geom_density_ridges(scale = 0.9, rel_min_height = 0.01, fill = "lightblue", alpha = 0.5) +
  # 绘制散点（雨的部分）
  geom_jitter(width = 0.1, height = 0.2, size = 1, alpha = 0.6) +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_minimal()

5. 解决R升级失败问题（可选） #

若坚持升级R，尝试以下操作：

• 完全卸载现有R：删除/Library/Frameworks/R.framework、~/Library/R、~/Library/Application Support/R
• 下载适配macOS 12.5.1的R版本（如R 4.2.3，确认安装包适配你的CPU架构：Intel/Apple Silicon）
• 右键点击安装包选择「打开」，绕过系统安全限制
• 使用管理员账户完成安装

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lea Peterson