如何用VBA 7.1控制Word打印对话框的黑白/双面属性？

问题总结 #

• 需求：通过宏或打印预设，控制佳能TR7600打印机的「黑白打印」开关，同时实现双面打印的开关控制。
• 现有问题：
  • Word打印预设无法保存「黑白」属性，仅能保存双面等Word层面的设置；
  • 录制宏生成的代码不包含黑白打印参数，手动添加Black & White:=False会报错。

核心原因 #

1. 打印预设限制：Word的打印预设仅存储Word应用程序层面的设置（如双面、页码范围），而佳能TR7600的「黑白打印」属于打印机驱动级自定义设置，无法被Word预设保存。
2. 宏录制局限：Word宏录制器仅记录PrintOut方法的标准参数，驱动级的打印设置不会被捕获，因此录制的代码缺失黑白控制逻辑。

解决方案 #

方法1：通过Word Printer对象直接控制（推荐） #

利用Word的Application.Printer对象，直接读取/修改打印机的黑白、双面属性，打印完成后恢复原始设置避免影响后续打印：

' 彩色双面打印宏
Sub PrintColorDoubleSided()
    Dim originalPrinter As Printer
    Dim originalBW As Boolean
    Dim originalDuplex As WdPrintDuplex
    
    ' 保存当前打印机的原始设置
    Set originalPrinter = Application.Printer
    originalBW = originalPrinter.BlackAndWhite
    originalDuplex = originalPrinter.Duplex
    
    ' 出错时自动恢复设置
    On Error GoTo RestoreSettings
    
    ' 设置为彩色+双面打印（长边翻转，适合纵向文档）
    originalPrinter.BlackAndWhite = False
    originalPrinter.Duplex = wdPrintDuplexFlipLongEdge
    
    ' 执行打印（可根据需求调整参数）
    ActiveDocument.PrintOut _
        Range:=wdPrintAllDocument, _
        Item:=wdPrintDocumentContent, _
        Copies:=1, _
        Collate:=True
    
RestoreSettings:
    ' 恢复打印机原始设置
    originalPrinter.BlackAndWhite = originalBW
    originalPrinter.Duplex = originalDuplex
    Set originalPrinter = Nothing
End Sub

' 黑白单面打印宏
Sub PrintBlackWhiteSingleSided()
    Dim originalPrinter As Printer
    Dim originalBW As Boolean
    Dim originalDuplex As WdPrintDuplex
    
    Set originalPrinter = Application.Printer
    originalBW = originalPrinter.BlackAndWhite
    originalDuplex = originalPrinter.Duplex
    
    On Error GoTo RestoreSettings
    
    ' 设置为黑白+单面打印
    originalPrinter.BlackAndWhite = True
    originalPrinter.Duplex = wdPrintDuplexNone
    
    ActiveDocument.PrintOut _
        Range:=wdPrintAllDocument, _
        Item:=wdPrintDocumentContent, _
        Copies:=1, _
        Collate:=True
    
RestoreSettings:
    originalPrinter.BlackAndWhite = originalBW
    originalPrinter.Duplex = originalDuplex
    Set originalPrinter = Nothing
End Sub

说明：

• 若你的打印机驱动不支持BlackAndWhite属性（执行报错），则需要使用方法2。
• 双面打印的常量：
  • wdPrintDuplexNone：单面打印
  • wdPrintDuplexFlipLongEdge：长边翻转双面（纵向文档）
  • wdPrintDuplexFlipShortEdge：短边翻转双面（横向文档）

方法2：通过Windows API修改打印机DEVMODE（驱动级控制） #

如果Printer对象的BlackAndWhite属性无效，需要直接修改打印机的DEVMODE结构（适合驱动级自定义设置），以下是简化版代码：

Option Explicit

Private Declare PtrSafe Function OpenPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "OpenPrinterA" (ByVal pPrinterName As String, phPrinter As LongPtr, pDefault As Any) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function ClosePrinter Lib "winspool.drv" (ByVal hPrinter As LongPtr) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "GetPrinterA" (ByVal hPrinter As LongPtr, ByVal Level As Long, pPrinter As Any, ByVal cbBuf As Long, pcbNeeded As Long) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function SetPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" Alias "SetPrinterA" (ByVal hPrinter As LongPtr, ByVal Level As Long, pPrinter As Any, ByVal Command As Long) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (Destination As Any, Source As Any, ByVal Length As Long)

Private Type DEVMODE
    dmDeviceName As String * 32
    dmSpecVersion As Integer
    dmDriverVersion As Integer
    dmSize As Integer
    dmDriverExtra As Integer
    dmFields As Long
    dmOrientation As Integer
    dmPaperSize As Integer
    dmPaperLength As Integer
    dmPaperWidth As Integer
    dmScale As Integer
    dmCopies As Integer
    dmDefaultSource As Integer
    dmPrintQuality As Integer
    dmColor As Integer ' 关键：0=彩色，1=黑白
    dmDuplex As Integer
    dmYResolution As Integer
    dmTTOption As Integer
    dmCollate As Integer
    dmFormName As String * 32
    dmUnusedPadding As Integer
    dmBitsPerPel As Integer
    dmPelsWidth As Long
    dmPelsHeight As Long
    dmDisplayFlags As Long
    dmDisplayFrequency As Long
End Type

Private Type PRINTER_INFO_2
    pServerName As LongPtr
    pPrinterName As LongPtr
    pShareName As LongPtr
    pPortName As LongPtr
    pDriverName As LongPtr
    pComment As LongPtr
    pLocation As LongPtr
    pDevMode As LongPtr
    pSepFile As LongPtr
    pPrintProcessor As LongPtr
    pDatatype As LongPtr
    pParameters As LongPtr
    pSecurityDescriptor As LongPtr
    Attributes As Long
    Priority As Long
    DefaultPriority As Long
    StartTime As Long
    UntilTime As Long
    Status As Long
    cJobs As Long
    AveragePPM As Long
End Type

Sub SetBlackAndWhitePrint(enableBW As Boolean)
    Dim hPrinter As LongPtr
    Dim pi2 As PRINTER_INFO_2
    Dim dm As DEVMODE
    Dim cbNeeded As Long
    Dim printerName As String
    Dim ret As Long
    
    ' 获取当前打印机名称
    printerName = Application.Printer.Name
    
    ' 打开打印机
    If OpenPrinter(printerName, hPrinter, ByVal 0&) = 0 Then Exit Sub
    
    ' 获取PRINTER_INFO_2所需缓冲区大小
    GetPrinter hPrinter, 2, ByVal 0&, 0, cbNeeded
    ret = GetPrinter(hPrinter, 2, pi2, cbNeeded, cbNeeded)
    
    ' 读取DEVMODE结构
    CopyMemory dm, ByVal pi2.pDevMode, Len(dm)
    
    ' 设置黑白/彩色
    dm.dmFields = dm.dmFields Or &H80 ' 启用dmColor字段
    dm.dmColor = IIf(enableBW, 1, 0) ' 1=黑白，0=彩色
    
    ' 写入修改后的DEVMODE
    CopyMemory ByVal pi2.pDevMode, dm, Len(dm)
    
    ' 应用设置
    SetPrinter hPrinter, 2, pi2, 0
    
    ' 关闭打印机
    ClosePrinter hPrinter
End Sub

' 使用示例：黑白双面打印
Sub PrintBlackWhiteDoubleSided()
    Dim originalDuplex As WdPrintDuplex
    Dim originalBW As Boolean
    
    ' 保存原始设置
    originalDuplex = Application.Printer.Duplex
    originalBW = Application.Printer.BlackAndWhite
    
    ' 设置黑白打印
    SetBlackAndWhitePrint True
    
    ' 设置双面打印
    Application.Printer.Duplex = wdPrintDuplexFlipLongEdge
    
    ' 执行打印
    ActiveDocument.PrintOut Range:=wdPrintAllDocument, Copies:=1
    
    ' 恢复原始设置
    Application.Printer.Duplex = originalDuplex
    SetBlackAndWhitePrint originalBW
End Sub

说明：

• 代码中dmColor字段控制黑白/彩色，需根据你的佳能TR7600驱动确认取值（部分驱动可能用其他字段，可通过打印机属性工具查看DEVMODE结构）；
• 上述代码适配64位Word，32位Word需移除PtrSafe关键字。

注意事项 #

1. 运行宏前需确保Word启用了宏功能（文件->选项->信任中心->信任中心设置->宏设置）；
2. API方法需谨慎使用，错误修改DEVMODE可能导致打印机设置异常。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tim Perrin