Vitest与React中ethers代码行为不一致问题求助

问题背景 #

我有一段测试代码在React组件中可正常运行，但在Vitest中执行失败，抛出如下错误：

TypeError: invalid BytesLike value (argument="value", value={ "data": [ 96, 128, 96, 64, 82, 52, 128, 21, ... ], "type": "Buffer" }, code=INVALID_ARGUMENT, version=6.13.4)
at makeError (file:///home/ko5tik/customer/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/utils/errors.ts:687:21)
...

怀疑是加载了不同版本的ethers函数导致问题，相关代码和配置如下：

测试用例代码 #

import {describe, it, test} from "vitest";
import {decodeBase64, hexlify} from "ethers";

describe('zapModule', () => {

    it('smoke test vitest', async () => {
        // 原测试失败
       const bin = hexlify(decodeBase64("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"));
    })

})

Vitest配置文件（vitest.config.ts） #

import {defineConfig} from 'vitest/config'
import tsconfigPaths from "vite-tsconfig-paths";
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react';

export default defineConfig({
    plugins: [tsconfigPaths(), react()],
    test: {
        coverage: {
            reporter: ['text', 'json', 'html'],
        },
        environment: 'jsdom',
        exclude: [
            '**/.{idea,git,cache,output,temp}/**',
            '**/cypress/**',
            '**/dist/**',
            '**/node_modules/**',
            './test/pages/**',
        ],

        globals: true,
        setupFiles: './test/setup.ts',
    },
})

TypeScript配置文件（tsconfig.json） #

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2021", // Update this line
    "lib": [
      "ES2020",
      "DOM",
      "ESNext"
    ],
    "allowJs": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "strict": true,
    "noEmit": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "isolatedModules": true,
    "jsx": "preserve",
    "incremental": true,
    "plugins": [
      {
        "name": "next"
      }
    ],
    "paths": {
      "@*": [
        "./src/*"
      ],
      "@components": [
        "./src/components"
      ],
      "@app": [
        "./src/app/*"
      ],
      "@app/data": [
        "./src/app/data/*"
      ],
      "@config": [
        "./src/config/*"
      ]
    }
  },
  "include": [
    "next-env.d.ts",
    "**/*.ts",
    "**/*.tsx",
    ".next/types/**/*.ts",
    "src/components/Navbar.jsx"
  ],
  "exclude": [
    "node_modules"
  ]
}

解决方案 #

1. 统一ethers版本 #

首先检查项目中是否存在多版本ethers：

npm ls ethers
# 或者yarn用户执行
yarn list ethers

如果输出显示多个版本，在package.json中指定固定版本（比如和报错里一致的6.13.4）：

"ethers": "^6.13.4"

然后重新安装依赖：

npm install
# 或者
yarn install

2. 调整Vitest环境或添加Buffer polyfill #

报错中的Buffer对象在jsdom环境下可能存在兼容性问题，有两种解决方式：

• 切换测试环境为node：修改vitest.config.ts中的测试环境配置：

  test: {
    environment: 'node',
    // 其他原有配置...
  }
  

• 添加Buffer polyfill：在test/setup.ts中添加以下代码：

  global.Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
  

3. 手动转换Buffer为Uint8Array #

如果上述方法无效，直接将decodeBase64返回的Buffer转换为Uint8Array后传给hexlify：

const bin = hexlify(new Uint8Array(decodeBase64("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")));

4. 清除缓存重新构建 #

执行以下命令清除缓存后重新运行测试：

# npm用户
rm -rf node_modules/.cache
# yarn用户
yarn cache clean

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Konstantin Pribluda