Github Actions无法找到适配Python3.9的指定版本依赖库

问题背景 #

我搭建了一套获取AQI数据并存储为CSV的Python处理流水线，搭配GitHub Actions实现定时运行，但在依赖安装阶段持续失败。尝试过更换操作系统、升级pip、更新setuptools/wheel、清理pip缓存等方法，问题依然存在。

流水线脚本代码 #

import requests
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import csv
import sys

from tqdm import tqdm
from dotenv import load_dotenv
import os

# Load environment variables
load_dotenv()

# Get API configurations
API_KEY = os.getenv('API_KEY')
BASE_URL = os.getenv('BASE_URL')

# Coordinates for Baku
LAT = 40.3777
LON = 49.8920

# Date range for data fetching
END_DATE = datetime.now()
START_DATE = datetime(2022, 1, 13)

def fetch_daily_data(date):
    """
    Fetch air quality data for a specific date
    
    Args:
        date (datetime): Date to fetch data for
    
    Returns:
        dict or None: JSON response or None if error
    """
    try:
        params = {
            "lat": LAT,
            "lon": LON,
            "key": API_KEY,
            "start_date": date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
            "end_date": (date + timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
            "tz": "local"
        }
        
        response = requests.get(BASE_URL, params=params)
        response.raise_for_status()  # Raise an exception for bad status codes
        
        return response.json()
    
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Error fetching data for {date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}: {e}")
        return None

def main():
    # CSV file configuration
    csv_file = "baku_air_quality_data.csv"        
    csv_headers = ["timestamp", "aqi", "o3", "so2", "no2", "co", "pm25", "pm10"]     
    total_days = (END_DATE - START_DATE).days + 1

    try:
        with open(csv_file, "w", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            writer = csv.writer(file)  
            writer.writerow(csv_headers) 
            
            pbar = tqdm(total=total_days, desc="Fetching data", unit="day")
            current_date = START_DATE
            
            while current_date <= END_DATE:
                daily_data = fetch_daily_data(current_date)
                
                if daily_data and 'data' in daily_data:
                    for hour_data in daily_data['data']:
                        row = [
                            hour_data.get('timestamp_local', ''),
                            hour_data.get('aqi', ''),
                            hour_data.get('o3', ''),
                            hour_data.get('so2', ''),
                            hour_data.get('no2', ''),
                            hour_data.get('co', ''),
                            hour_data.get('pm25', ''),
                            hour_data.get('pm10', '')
                        ]
                        writer.writerow(row)
                
                current_date += timedelta(days=1)
                pbar.update(1) 
                time.sleep(1)  # Respect API rate limits
            
            pbar.close()
        
        print(f"Data saved to {csv_file}")
    
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

GitHub Actions工作流配置 #

name: Run Script Every 3 Days

on:
 push


jobs:
 run-script:
 runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 steps:
- name: Checkout Repository
  uses: actions/checkout@v3

- name: Set Up Python
  uses: actions/setup-python@v4
  with:
    python-version: 3.9

- name: Install Dependencies
  env:
    API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
  run: |
    pip install -r requirements.txt  # If your script has dependencies

- name: Run the Script
  run: |
    python feature_pipeline.py  # Replace with the name of your script

错误信息 #

ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ipython==8.29.0 
  (from versions: 0.10, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11, 0.12, 0.12.1, 0.13, 0.13.1, 0.13.2, 
  ...)
 ERROR: No matching distribution found for ipython==8.29.0

更换ipython版本后，其他库也会出现类似的安装失败问题。

当前requirements.txt内容 #

appnope==0.1.4
asttokens==2.4.1
awscli==1.36.1
boto3==1.35.60
botocore==1.35.60
certifi==2024.8.30
charset-normalizer==3.4.0
colorama==0.4.6
comm==0.2.2
contourpy==1.3.0
cycler==0.12.1
debugpy==1.8.7
decorator==5.1.1
docutils==0.16
executing==2.1.0
fonttools==4.54.1
idna==3.10
ipykernel==6.29.5
ipython==8.29.0
jedi==0.19.1
jmespath==1.0.1
joblib==1.4.2
jupyter_client==8.6.3
jupyter_core==5.7.2
kiwisolver==1.4.7
matplotlib==3.9.2
matplotlib-inline==0.1.7
nest-asyncio==1.6.0
numpy==2.1.2
packaging==24.1
pandas==2.2.3
parso==0.8.4
patsy==0.5.6
pexpect==4.9.0
pillow==11.0.0
platformdirs==4.3.6
prompt_toolkit==3.0.48
psutil==6.1.0
ptyprocess==0.7.0
pure_eval==0.2.3
pyarrow==18.0.0
pyasn1==0.6.1
Pygments==2.18.0
pyparsing==3.2.0
python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
python-dotenv==1.0.1
pytz==2024.2
PyYAML==6.0.2
pyzmq==26.2.0
requests==2.32.3
rsa==4.7.2
s3transfer==0.10.3
scikit-learn==1.5.2
scipy==1.14.1
seaborn==0.13.2
setuptools==75.5.0
six==1.16.0
stack-data==0.6.3
statsmodels==0.14.4
threadpoolctl==3.5.0
tornado==6.4.1
tqdm==4.66.5
traitlets==5.14.3
tzdata==2024.2
urllib3==2.2.3
wcwidth==0.2.13
wheel==0.45.0

解决方案 #

1. 精简依赖列表 #

你的脚本仅依赖requests、tqdm、python-dotenv三个第三方库，其余如ipython、jupyter、matplotlib、awscli等均为无关依赖，会增加安装复杂度与版本冲突风险。将requirements.txt替换为：

requests>=2.32.0
tqdm>=4.66.0
python-dotenv>=1.0.0

2. 适配Python 3.9版本 #

你在Actions中使用Python 3.9，但部分库的高版本已不再支持该版本（例如ipython 8.29.0要求Python 3.10+）。若必须保留某些非必要库，需指定兼容3.9的版本，例如将ipython==8.29.0改为ipython==8.12.3（最后一个支持Python 3.9的版本）。

3. 优化Actions安装步骤 #

在安装依赖前先升级pip、setuptools和wheel，提升依赖解析能力，同时移除安装阶段无关的环境变量：

- name: Install Dependencies
  run: |
    python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
    pip install -r requirements.txt

4. 解决网络下载问题 #

若因网络限制导致包下载失败，可在pip安装时指定国内镜像源：

pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Parviz Pirizade