Spring Boot测试RestController返回404问题排查求助

Gradle项目中开发了一个不含SpringBootApplication的模块，其中的RestController会被打包到包含spring-web和主应用的其他模块中。完整部署后手动测试端点一切正常，但编写无Mock的集成测试时，RestAssured返回404错误，尽管日志显示请求映射已成功加载。

测试代码 #

@PostgresRepositoryTest(JobsRepository.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JobRunrProperties.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = RANDOM_PORT)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {JobServiceTestConfig.class, JobController.class})
@Tag("Jobs")
@EnableWebMvc
class JobControllerIntegrationTest {

    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        RestAssured.baseURI = "http://localhost";
        RestAssured.port = port;
        RestAssured.basePath = "/rest/jobs/v1";
        RestAssured.enableLoggingOfRequestAndResponseIfValidationFails();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldGetJobStatus() {
        var jobPagedResponse = given().get("/jobs")
                .then()
                .log()
                .all()
                .statusCode(OK.getStatusCode())
                .extract()
                .body()
                .as(JobPagedResponse.class);

        assertThat(jobPagedResponse).isNotNull();
    }
}

请求映射加载日志 #

2024-11-30 16:57:33.077 [main] INFO  o.s.o.j.p.SpringPersistenceUnitInfo - No LoadTimeWeaver setup: ignoring JPA class transformer []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.621 [main] INFO  o.s.o.j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.638 [main] INFO  o.s.o.j.p.SpringPersistenceUnitInfo - No LoadTimeWeaver setup: ignoring JPA class transformer []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.713 [main] INFO  o.s.o.j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.865 [main] TRACE o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - 
    c.c.j.r.v.JobController:
    {POST [/rest/jobs/v1/jobs], consumes [application/json], produces [application/json]}: createSelfManagedJob(JobNew)
    {POST [/rest/jobs/v1/jobs/{jobId}/updateProgress], consumes [application/json], produces [application/json]}: updateSelfManagedJob(UUID,JobUpdate)
    {GET [/rest/jobs/v1/jobs], produces [application/json]}: findJobs(String,String,List,List,List,UUID,String,String,String,Integer)
    {DELETE [/rest/jobs/v1/jobs/{jobId}]}: deleteJob(UUID)
    {GET [/rest/jobs/v1/jobs/{jobId}], produces [application/json]}: getJob(UUID) []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.868 [main] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - 5 mappings in 'requestMappingHandlerMapping' []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.871 [main] DEBUG o.s.w.s.h.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping - Detected 0 mappings in 'beanNameHandlerMapping' []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.874 [main] TRACE o.s.w.s.f.s.RouterFunctionMapping - 0 RouterFunction(s) in 'routerFunctionMapping' []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.889 [main] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter - ControllerAdvice beans: 0 @ModelAttribute, 0 @InitBinder, 1 RequestBodyAdvice, 1 ResponseBodyAdvice []
2024-11-30 16:57:33.910 [main] DEBUG o.s.w.s.m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver - ControllerAdvice beans: 1 @ExceptionHandler, 1 ResponseBodyAdvice []
2024-11-30 16:57:34.552 [main] INFO  o.a.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol - Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] []
2024-11-30 16:57:34.560 [main] INFO  o.s.b.w.e.tomcat.TomcatWebServer - Tomcat started on port 8080 (http) with context path '/' []
2024-11-30 16:57:34.562 [main] TRACE o.s.w.s.resource.ResourceUrlProvider - No resource handling mappings found []
2024-11-30 16:57:34.562 [main] INFO  c.c.j.r.v.JobControllerIntegrationTest - Started JobControllerIntegrationTest in 5.009 seconds (process running for 5.66) []

RestAssured返回的404响应 #

HTTP/1.1 404 
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Content-Language: en
Content-Length: 683
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2024 16:57:35 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title>
    <style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1>
    <hr class="line"/>
    <p>
      <b>Type</b>
 Status Report    </p>
    <p>
      <b>Description</b>
 The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.    </p>
    <hr class="line"/>
    <h3>Apache Tomcat/10.1.33</h3>
  </body>
</html>
Request method: GET
Request URI:    http://localhost:8080/rest/jobs/v1/jobs
Proxy:          <none>
Request params: <none>
Query params:   <none>
Form params:    <none>
Path params:    <none>
Headers:        Accept=*/*
Cookies:        <none>
Multiparts:     <none>
Body:           <none>

排查解决方法 #

• 移除冲突的@PostgresRepositoryTest注解
  @PostgresRepositoryTest是针对仓库层的专用测试注解，它会限制Spring上下文仅加载与仓库相关的组件，和@SpringBootTest混用会导致Web层的请求映射无法正确注册到Servlet容器。直接删除该注解，若需测试仓库逻辑，单独编写仓库测试类即可。

• 删除冗余的@EnableWebMvc注解
  使用@SpringBootTest时，Spring Boot已自动配置Web MVC核心组件，手动添加@EnableWebMvc会覆盖默认配置，破坏请求映射的处理流程。

• 调整注解优先级
  确保@SpringBootTest作为核心注解，优先加载完整的Web上下文。同时检查JobServiceTestConfig是否包含了Controller依赖的所有Bean（如Service、Repository等），避免因依赖缺失导致请求无法处理。

• 验证请求路径与上下文
  日志显示映射路径是/rest/jobs/v1/jobs，但可以在测试中打印完整请求URL，或通过Spring上下文获取RequestMappingHandlerMapping Bean，手动输出所有注册的映射，确认路径完全匹配（比如是否存在未配置的上下文路径）。

• 修改后的测试代码示例

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JobRunrProperties.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {JobServiceTestConfig.class, JobController.class})
@Tag("Jobs")
class JobControllerIntegrationTest {

    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        RestAssured.baseURI = "http://localhost";
        RestAssured.port = port;
        RestAssured.basePath = "/rest/jobs/v1";
        RestAssured.enableLoggingOfRequestAndResponseIfValidationFails();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldGetJobStatus() {
        var jobPagedResponse = given()
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
                .get("/jobs")
                .then()
                .log().all()
                .statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value())
                .extract()
                .body()
                .as(JobPagedResponse.class);

        assertThat(jobPagedResponse).isNotNull();
    }
}

额外排查点：

• 确认JobController上的@RestController注解拼写正确
• 查看测试启动日志是否有Web MVC初始化的警告或错误，比如缺少必要的Bean导致请求处理链断裂

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rojanu