Maven Verify执行Jacoco代码覆盖率始终为0%的问题求助

云上老周

2026-6-15

问题：Maven执行mvn verify时Jacoco覆盖率显示0%，但IDE中JUnit覆盖率超90%

执行mvn verify时Jacoco返回代码覆盖率为0%，但IDE里JUnit测试覆盖率超过90%，且所有测试运行正常。从旧项目导入了测试类和对应业务类，当前使用Maven 3.9.9，旧项目中Maven能正常返回准确覆盖率，怀疑是版本或pom.xml配置存在问题。

终端执行日志

[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 14.39 s -- in uk.ac.rhul.cs2800.Cw2ApplicationTests
[INFO] Running uk.ac.rhul.cs2800.model.StudentTest
[INFO] Tests run: 8, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.044 s -- in uk.ac.rhul.cs2800.model.StudentTest
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 9, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.12:report (report) @ CW2 ---
[INFO] Loading execution data file C:\Users\readh\workspace\cs2800\cw2\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] Analyzed bundle 'CW2' with 7 classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jar:3.4.2:jar (default-jar) @ CW2 ---
[INFO] Building jar: C:\Users\readh\workspace\cs2800\cw2\target\CW2-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- spring-boot:3.3.6:repackage (repackage) @ CW2 ---
[INFO] Replacing main artifact C:\Users\readh\workspace\cs2800\cw2\target\CW2-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar with repackaged archive, adding nested dependencies in BOOT-INF/.
[INFO] The original artifact has been renamed to C:\Users\readh\workspace\cs2800\cw2\target\CW2-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar.original
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.12:check (jacoco-check) @ CW2 ---
[INFO] Loading execution data file C:\Users\readh\workspace\cs2800\cw2\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] Analyzed bundle 'CW2' with 7 classes
[WARNING] Rule violated for package uk.ac.rhul.cs2800.repository: lines covered ratio is 0.0, but expected minimum is 0.9
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  30.333 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-12-10T17:50:51+02:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.8.12:check (jacoco-check) on project CW2: Coverage checks have not been met. See log for details. -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

pom.xml配置内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.6</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>uk.ac.rhul.cs2800</groupId>
    <artifactId>CW2</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>CW2</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <url/>
    <licenses>
        <license/>
    </licenses>
    <developers>
        <developer/>
    </developers>
    <scm>
        <connection/>
        <developerConnection/>
        <tag/>
        <url/>
    </scm>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <configLocation>google_checks.xml</configLocation>
          <consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput>
          <failsOnError>true</failsOnError>
          <violationSeverity>warning</violationSeverity>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.github.spotbugs</groupId>
        <artifactId>spotbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>4.8.6.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <threshold>High</threshold>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
        <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.8.12</version>
        <configuration>
          <excludes>
            <exclude>**/Cw2Application*</exclude>
          </excludes>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <goals>
              <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>report</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>report</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>jacoco-check</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>check</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <rules>
                <rule>
                  <element>PACKAGE</element>
                  <limits>
                    <limit>
                      <counter>LINE</counter>
                      <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
                      <minimum>0.9</minimum>
                    </limit>
                  </limits>
                </rule>
              </rules>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <reporting>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.20.0</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.6.2</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <configLocation>google_checks.xml</configLocation>
          <failsOnError>true</failsOnError>
          <violationSeverity>warning</violationSeverity>
        </configuration>
        <reportSets>
          <reportSet>
            <reports>
              <report>checkstyle</report>
            </reports>
          </reportSet>
        </reportSets>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.github.spotbugs</groupId>
        <artifactId>spotbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>4.8.6.0</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
        <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.8.12</version>
        <configuration>
          <excludes>
            <exclude>**/Cw2Application*</exclude>
          </excludes>
        </configuration>
        <reportSets>
          <reportSet>
            <reports>
              <report>report</report>
            </reports>
          </reportSet>
        </reportSets>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.10.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <doclint>all,-missing</doclint>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </reporting>

</project>

问题分析与修复方案

核心问题

从日志可见，Jacoco仅分析了7个类，且uk.ac.rhul.cs2800.repository包覆盖率为0。结合Spring Boot项目特性，主要问题是Jacoco的覆盖率采集时机与Spring Boot打包流程冲突，导致Jacoco无法正确读取业务类的执行数据。

具体修复步骤

调整Jacoco的prepare-agent执行阶段
当前prepare-agent未指定阶段，默认绑定到initialize，可能早于测试类编译。修改为绑定到test-compile阶段，确保测试执行时代码已被插桩：
```
<execution>
  <id>prepare-agent</id>
  <phase>test-compile</phase>
  <goals>
    <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
  </goals>
</execution>
```
让Jacoco在Spring Boot repackage前完成分析
日志中spring-boot:repackage在Jacoco的check之前执行，会替换原始jar，导致Jacoco分析的是打包后的BOOT-INF内的类，而非编译后的原始类。给Spring Boot插件添加配置，保留原始jar：
```
<plugin>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
    <attach>true</attach> 
  </configuration>
</plugin>
```
验证测试类与业务类的包路径一致性
确认导入的测试类包路径和对应业务类完全匹配，比如StudentTest对应的Student类是否在uk.ac.rhul.cs2800.model包下，避免测试未正确加载业务类。
清理后重新构建
执行mvn clean verify，清除旧的编译产物和覆盖率数据，重新生成正确的jacoco.exec文件。

额外排查点

检查target/jacoco.exec文件大小，若为空则说明测试执行时未采集到覆盖率数据，需检查prepare-agent是否生效。
确认Jacoco的excludes配置未误排除业务类，当前配置仅排除启动类，无问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者EpicGaia

Maven Verify执行Jacoco代码覆盖率始终为0%的问题求助

终端执行日志 #

pom.xml配置内容 #

问题分析与修复方案 #

核心问题 #

具体修复步骤 #