使用rsync向NTFS格式外接硬盘传输大量小文件引发磁盘损坏的问题求助

各位好，我最近碰到一个非常棘手的问题：当用rsync向NTFS格式的外接硬盘传输大量小文件（比如几十万张图片）时，总会触发IO错误，之后硬盘就无法正常挂载。不过每次出现这种情况后，我用ntfsfix都能修复硬盘，所以我有点怀疑是不是硬件本身的问题？这两天已经出现超过20次磁盘损坏了，想请教大家到底是系统、rsync还是磁盘本身的问题导致的？

另外还有个奇怪的现象：就算传输过程中没有触发IO错误，传输完大量文件后卸载磁盘也要花大概10分钟，这也不太正常。

我的系统是Ubuntu 20.04，硬盘是Seagate SDC003（2TB，格式化为NTFS）。

触发错误时的dmesg输出 #

[102560.315796] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2088 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0

[102560.315800] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 5, async page read

[102560.315868] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2184 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0

[102560.315870] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 17, async page read

[102560.315877] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2120 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0

[102560.315878] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 9, async page read

[102560.315935] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2088 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0

[102560.315936] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 5, async page read

[102560.315944] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 5, async page read

[102560.315956] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 17, async page read

[102560.315965] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 5, async page read

[102560.315972] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 5, async page read

[102560.315979] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 5, async page read

ntfsfix修复输出 #

Mounting volume... $MFTMirr does not match $MFT (record 0).

FAILED

Attempting to correct errors...

Processing $MFT and $MFTMirr...

Reading $MFT... OK

Reading $MFTMirr... OK

Comparing $MFTMirr to $MFT... FAILED

Correcting differences in $MFTMirr record 0...OK

Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully.

Setting required flags on partition... OK

Going to empty the journal ($LogFile)... OK

Checking the alternate boot sector... OK

NTFS volume version is 3.1.

NTFS partition /dev/sdc1 was processed successfully.

更新：rsync失败后立即运行的smartctl -a输出 #

smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-69-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===

Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda 2.5 5400

Device Model:     ST2000LM015-2E8174

Serial Number:    WDZXFWCV

LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0e08ae450

Firmware Version: 0001

User Capacity:    2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]

Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical

Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm

Form Factor:      2.5 inches

Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]

ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b

SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)

Local Time is:    Fri Jun 16 16:28:00 2023 CST

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.

SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:

Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity

was never started.

Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.

Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed

without error or no self-test has ever

been run.

Total time to complete Offline

data collection:                (    0) seconds.

Offline data collection

capabilities:                    (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.

No Auto Offline data collection support.

Suspend Offline collection upon new

command.

No Offline surface scan supported.

Self-test supported.

Conveyance Self-test supported.

Selective Self-test supported.

SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering

power-saving mode.

Supports SMART auto save timer.

Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.

General Purpose Logging supported.

Short self-test routine

recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.

Extended self-test routine

recommended polling time:        ( 326) minutes.

Conveyance self-test routine

recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.

SCT capabilities:              (0x3035) SCT Status supported.

SCT Feature Control supported.

SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10

Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE

1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   075   064   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       30523320

3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   099   099   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       449

5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   071   060   045    Pre-fail  Always       -       13036046

9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   094   094   000    Old_age   Always       -       6120 (197 141 0)

10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       90

184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0

187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   052   047   040    Old_age   Always       -       48 (Min/Max 47/48)

191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       11

192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       32

193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1715

194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   048   053   000    Old_age   Always       -       48 (0 13 0 0 0)

197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       175 (86 165 0)

241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       5808417042

242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1793836935

254 Free_Fall_Sensor        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1

No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1

No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1

SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS

1        0        0  Not_testing

2        0        0  Not_testing

3        0        0  Not_testing

4        0        0  Not_testing

5        0        0  Not_testing

Selective self-test flags (0x0):

After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.

If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者trisct