如何在Docker环境部署October CMS？遇500/502错误求助

问题描述 #

我从仓库下载了October CMS，想在Docker本地环境完整运行。写了包含Nginx、PHP-FPM和Postgres容器的Docker Compose配置，这套配置在其他Laravel项目里能正常工作，但October CMS跑不起来，出现500、502等多种错误。用php artisan serve启动服务器的话，项目看似能运行，但JS和CSS资源加载不出来。

现有配置文件 #

Docker Compose 配置 #

version: '3.8'

services:

#PHP Service
app:
    build:
        context: .
        dockerfile: ./docker/php/Dockerfile
    container_name: app
    volumes:
        - ./:/var/www/html
        - ./docker/php/local.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/local.ini
    ports:
        - "9000:9000"
    networks:
        postgres:

#Nginx Service
webserver:
    image: nginx:stable-alpine
    container_name: webserver
    restart: unless-stopped
    tty: true
    ports:
        - "80:80"
        - "443:443"
    volumes:
        - ./:/var/www/html
        - ./docker/nginx/conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
    networks:
        - postgres

#PostgreSQL
postgres:
    container_name: postgres
    image: postgres:16
    hostname: postgres
    environment:
        POSTGRES_DB: postgres
        POSTGRES_USER: postgres
        POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
        PGDATA: /data/postgres
    volumes:
        - postgres:/data/postgres
    ports:
        - "5432:5432"
    networks:
        - postgres
    restart: unless-stopped

#PGAdmin
pgadmin:
    container_name: pgadmin
    image: dpage/pgadmin4
    environment:
        PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL: ${PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL:-pgadmin4@pgadmin.org}
        PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD: ${PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD:-admin}
    volumes:
        - pgadmin:/root/.pgadmin
    ports:
        - "${PGADMIN_PORT:-5050}:80"
    networks:
        - postgres
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
        - postgres

networks:
    postgres:

volumes:
    postgres:
    pgadmin:
    database_data:

PHP Dockerfile #

FROM php:8.3-fpm

WORKDIR /var/www/html

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    build-essential \
    libzip-dev \
    libpng-dev \
    libpq-dev \
    libjpeg62-turbo-dev \
    libwebp-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev libpng-dev libxpm-dev \
    libfreetype6 \
    libfreetype6-dev \
    locales \
    zip \
    jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle \
    vim \
    unzip \
    git \
    curl \
    libgd-dev

RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install --assume-yes --no-install-recommends --quiet \
    build-essential \
    libmagickwand-dev \
    && apt-get clean all

RUN pecl install imagick \
    && docker-php-ext-enable imagick

RUN docker-php-ext-configure gd --enable-gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg

RUN apt-get install -y librabbitmq-dev libssl-dev
RUN pecl install amqp
RUN docker-php-ext-enable amqp

RUN docker-php-ext-install gd

RUN docker-php-ext-install sockets

RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN docker-php-ext-install zip exif pcntl pdo mysqli pdo_mysql pdo_pgsql

RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

EXPOSE 9000

CMD ["php-fpm"]

Nginx app.conf #

server
{
    listen 80;
    index index.php index.html;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    root /var/www/html;
    location ~ \.php$
    {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass app:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
    }
    location /
    {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        gzip_static on;
    }
}

Nginx Docker 日志 #

webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:14:29:11 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:14:29:12 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "http://localhost/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:14:29:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:14:29:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:14:29:27 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "http://localhost/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:15:18:25 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:133.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/133.0"
webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:15:18:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
 webserver  | 172.18.0.1 - - [19/Dec/2024:15:18:38 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 500 731 "http://localhost/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

PHP-FPM 容器日志 #

172.18.0.3 -  19/Dec/2024:15:18:38 +0000 "GET /index.php" 500
172.18.0.3 -  19/Dec/2024:15:18:38 +0000 "GET /index.php" 500
172.18.0.3 -  19/Dec/2024:15:23:22 +0000 "GET /index.php" 500

修复步骤 #

1. 修复文件权限 #

October CMS的storage和bootstrap/cache目录需要写入权限，进入PHP容器执行：

docker exec -it app bash
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache
chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache
exit

或者在Docker Compose的app服务中添加用户映射，避免宿主机权限冲突：

app:
    # ... 其他配置
    user: "${UID:-1000}:${GID:-1000}"

2. 更新Nginx配置 #

原配置缺少静态资源处理规则，且gzip_static on会导致无预生成gzip文件时出错，替换为以下配置：

server
{
    listen 80;
    index index.php index.html;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    root /var/www/html;

    # 处理静态资源，缓存一年
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|css|js|ico|svg)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
        try_files $uri =404;
    }

    location ~ \.php$
    {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass app:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        # 传递October CMS所需环境变量
        fastcgi_param APP_ENV local;
        fastcgi_param APP_DEBUG true;
    }

    location /
    {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }
}

修改后重启Nginx容器：docker restart webserver

3. 补充PHP扩展 #

October CMS依赖fileinfo扩展，在PHP Dockerfile中添加：

RUN docker-php-ext-install fileinfo

重新构建PHP镜像：docker-compose build app

4. 配置数据库连接 #

确保项目根目录的.env文件配置正确：

APP_URL=http://localhost
DB_CONNECTION=pgsql
DB_HOST=postgres
DB_PORT=5432
DB_DATABASE=postgres
DB_USERNAME=postgres
DB_PASSWORD=secret

进入PHP容器执行初始化命令：

docker exec -it app php artisan october:up
docker exec -it app php artisan migrate

5. 清理缓存并生成资源 #

执行以下命令修复静态资源缺失问题：

docker exec -it app php artisan cache:clear
docker exec -it app php artisan config:clear
docker exec -it app php artisan asset:clear
docker exec -it app php artisan october:cache

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ШайтанЯкубович