Windows11下Miniconda环境无法同时安装kwant与matplotlib求助

在Windows 11系统的Miniconda3虚拟环境中，遇到以下两个安装冲突问题：

• 先安装kwant后再安装matplotlib时，numpy会被降级至1.26版本，kwant被降级至1.4版本；
• 先安装matplotlib（默认搭配numpy-2.1.3）后再安装kwant时，出现LibMambaUnsatisfiableError错误，具体错误信息如下：

(nanoelec) D:\OneDrive - UCL\Academics\Nanoelectronics>conda install -c conda-forge kwant
Channels:
- conda-forge
- defaults
Platform: win-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: - warning  libmamba Added empty dependency for problem type SOLVER_RULE_UPDATE
failed

LibMambaUnsatisfiableError: Encountered problems while solving:
  - package kwant-1.4.3-nompi_py310h7011a7b_101 requires python >=3.10,<3.11.0a0, but none of the providers can be installed

Could not solve for environment specs
The following packages are incompatible
├─ kwant is installable with the potential options
│  ├─ kwant [1.4.0|1.4.0a1|1.4.0rc1|1.4.1|1.4.2] would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.6,<3.7.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  ├─ kwant [1.4.0|1.4.0rc1|1.4.1|1.4.2|1.4.3] would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.7,<3.8.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  ├─ kwant 1.4.0a1 would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.5,<3.6.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  ├─ kwant [1.4.2|1.4.3|1.4.4|1.5.0] would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.9,<3.10.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  ├─ kwant [1.4.2|1.4.3|1.4.4] would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.8,<3.9.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  ├─ kwant [1.4.3|1.4.4|1.5.0] would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.10,<3.11.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  ├─ kwant [1.4.3|1.4.4|1.5.0] would require
│  │  └─ python >=3.11,<3.12.0a0 , which can be installed;
│  └─ kwant [1.4.4|1.5.0] would require
│     └─ python >=3.12,<3.13.0a0 , which can be installed;
└─ pin-1 is not installable because it requires
   └─ python 3.13.* , which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported.

当前虚拟环境的Python版本为3.13.1，操作均在VS Code终端中执行。

解决方案 #

1. 重建兼容Python版本的虚拟环境（推荐） #

从错误信息可知，kwant当前最高支持Python 3.12（<3.13.0a0），与当前环境的Python 3.13.1不兼容。重建环境是最稳妥的方式：

• 删除现有虚拟环境（若无需保留）：

  conda remove --name nanoelec --all
  

• 创建指定Python 3.12的新环境：

  conda create -n nanoelec python=3.12
  

• 激活环境后，一次性安装两个包：

  conda activate nanoelec
  conda install -c conda-forge kwant matplotlib
  

2. 在现有环境中指定兼容版本安装 #

如果不想重建环境，可尝试指定kwant的最高兼容版本（1.5.0），同时限制numpy版本避免冲突：

conda install -c conda-forge kwant=1.5.0 matplotlib numpy=1.26

注：此方式可能存在潜在依赖冲突，需自行验证包的可用性。

3. 混合conda与pip安装（备选） #

若conda依赖解析失败，可尝试用conda安装一个包，pip安装另一个：

• 先通过conda安装matplotlib：

  conda install matplotlib
  

• 再用pip安装kwant：

  pip install kwant
  

注：混合使用conda和pip可能导致后续依赖管理混乱，仅作为临时解决方案。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Prajjwal Das