Windows 11安装pygraphviz时出现building wheel错误求助

环境信息 #

• 系统：Windows 11 Pro 22H2（版本构建号22621.2283）
• 执行命令：pip install pygraphviz

问题现象 #

安装过程中触发building wheel构建失败，核心错误提示：Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 或更高版本是必需的

已尝试的无效解决方案 #

• 安装微软官方提供的Microsoft C++ Build Tools
• 按照pygraphviz官方文档的Windows手动安装步骤操作（未使用Chocolatey）

完整报错日志 #

C:\Windows\System32>pip install pygraphviz
Collecting pygraphviz
  Using cached pygraphviz-1.14.tar.gz (106 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pygraphviz
  Building wheel for pygraphviz (pyproject.toml) ... error

>  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
>
>  × Building wheel for pygraphviz (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
> │ exit code: 1
> ╰─> [48 lines of output]
>     running bdist_wheel
>     running build
>     running build_py
>     creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
>     copying pygraphviz\agraph.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
>     copying pygraphviz\graphviz.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
      copying pygraphviz\scraper.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
      copying pygraphviz\testing.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
      copying pygraphviz\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_attribute_defaults.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_clear.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_close.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_drawing.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_edge_attributes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_graph.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_html.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_layout.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_node_attributes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_readwrite.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_repr_mimebundle.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_scraper.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_string.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_subgraph.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\test_unicode.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      copying pygraphviz\tests\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz\tests
      running egg_info
      writing pygraphviz.egg-info\PKG-INFO
      writing dependency_links to pygraphviz.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
      writing top-level names to pygraphviz.egg-info\top_level.txt
      reading manifest file 'pygraphviz.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
      warning: no files found matching '*.swg'
      warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'doc'
      warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'doc'
      warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'doc'
      warning: no files found matching '*.css' under directory 'doc'
      warning: no previously-included files matching '*~' found anywhere in distribution
      warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
      warning: no previously-included files matching '.svn' found anywhere in distribution
      no previously-included directories found matching 'doc\build'
      adding license file 'LICENSE'
      writing manifest file 'pygraphviz.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      copying pygraphviz\graphviz.i -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
      copying pygraphviz\graphviz_wrap.c -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\pygraphviz
      running build_ext
      building 'pygraphviz._graphviz' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools"
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pygraphviz
Failed to build pygraphviz
ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (pygraphviz)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Cabecita