Nginx代理Laravel Octane Swoole远慢于原生服务，此现象是否正常？

结论先行 #

这种性能差异属于正常现象，无需过度担忧——你的测试结果中约20%-30%的QPS下降，完全在常规代理场景的合理损耗范围内。

代理变慢的核心原因 #

• 跨容器网络开销：请求需要先经过Nginx容器，再转发到Swoole应用容器，两次Docker overlay网络的跨容器通信会增加延迟，这是容器化环境下代理的固有损耗。
• Nginx的处理成本：即便关闭了日志，Nginx仍需完成请求解析、try_files规则处理、代理头设置、请求转发与响应接收等操作，这些步骤会占用CPU和内存资源，带来额外的处理时间。
• TCP连接的额外层级：相比直接连接Swoole，代理场景下请求要经过两次TCP连接（客户端→Nginx、Nginx→Swoole），多了一次连接建立与维护的开销。

测试数据验证 #

测试地址说明：

• http://localhost/up - Nginx代理Swoole
• http://localhost:8000/up - 原生Laravel Octane Swoole

测试结果 #

cepairda@DESKTOP-2PBE7CR:/mnt/c/Users/Alex$ wrk -t 16 -c 100 http://localhost/up
Running 10s test @ http://localhost/up
  16 threads and 100 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    59.10ms   55.31ms 571.38ms   87.37%
    Req/Sec   123.41     62.70   252.00     53.29%
  19682 requests in 10.05s, 38.57MB read
Requests/sec:   1958.18
Transfer/sec:      3.84MB

cepairda@DESKTOP-2PBE7CR:/mnt/c/Users/Alex$ wrk -t 16 -c 100 http://localhost:8000/up
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:8000/up
  16 threads and 100 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    46.94ms   49.04ms 458.27ms   91.58%
    Req/Sec   159.88     55.07   323.00     60.14%
  25557 requests in 10.10s, 50.40MB read
Requests/sec:   2531.07
Transfer/sec:      4.99MB

cepairda@DESKTOP-2PBE7CR:/mnt/c/Users/Alex$ wrk -t 16 -c 100 http://localhost/up
Running 10s test @ http://localhost/up
  16 threads and 100 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    62.75ms   58.53ms 472.44ms   92.58%
    Req/Sec   114.63     34.76   240.00     75.73%
  18326 requests in 10.06s, 35.92MB read
Requests/sec:   1821.94
Transfer/sec:      3.57MB

cepairda@DESKTOP-2PBE7CR:/mnt/c/Users/Alex$ wrk -t 16 -c 100 http://localhost:8000/up
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:8000/up
  16 threads and 100 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    54.35ms   56.76ms 488.40ms   91.73%
    Req/Sec   138.44     45.71   282.00     68.00%
  22133 requests in 10.06s, 43.65MB read
Requests/sec:   2200.10
Transfer/sec:      4.34MB

使用的配置文件 #

Nginx配置（来自Octane官方文档） #

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_tokens off;
    root /var/www/public;

    index index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location /index.php {
        try_files /not_exists @octane;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ @octane;
    }

    #access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx-access.log;
    access_log off;
    #error_log  /var/log/nginx/nginx-error.log error;
    error_log  off;

    error_page 404 /index.php;

    resolver 127.0.0.11;

    location @octane {
        set $suffix "";

        if ($uri = /index.php) {
            set $suffix ?$query_string;
        }

        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header SERVER_PORT $server_port;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

        proxy_pass http://taxi-app:8000$suffix;
    }
}

Docker Compose配置 #

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: ./
      dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile
      target: production
#    user: ${UID}:${GID}
    restart: always
    container_name: taxi-app
    ports:
      - 8000:8000
    secrets:
      - production_env
    volumes:
      - app-storage:/var/www/storage
      #- ./app-public:/var/www/public
    depends_on:
      postgres-db:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - taxi-postgres-db-network
      - taxi-webserver-network
      - taxi-redis-network
    healthcheck:
      test: curl -s http://localhost:8000/up >/dev/null || exit 1
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    #extra_hosts:
    #  host.docker.internal: host-gateway
  webserver:
    build:
      context: ./
      dockerfile: ./docker/Dockerfile
      target: webserver
    #image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    container_name: taxi-webserver
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - app-storage:/var/www/storage
      - ./docker/local/nginx/:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
      - ./storage/logs/nginx/:/var/log/nginx/
    ports:
      - 80:80
    networks:
      - taxi-webserver-network
    healthcheck:
      test: curl -s http://localhost/up >/dev/null || exit 1
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
  postgres-db:
    image: postgis/postgis:16-3.5-alpine
    container_name: taxi-postgres-db
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 5432:5432
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_DATABASE}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    networks:
      - taxi-postgres-db-network
    healthcheck:
      test: pg_isready -U ${DB_USERNAME} -d ${DB_DATABASE}
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
  redis:
    image: redis:7.4.1-alpine
    restart: always
    container_name: taxi-redis
    command:
      - 'redis-server'
      - '--requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}'
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data
    networks:
      - taxi-redis-network
    healthcheck:
      test: redis-cli ping
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

networks:
  taxi-webserver-network:
    driver: overlay
    name: taxi-webserver-network
  taxi-postgres-db-network:
    driver: overlay
    name: taxi-postgres-db-network
  taxi-redis-network:
    driver: overlay
    name: taxi-redis-network

volumes:
  app-storage:
    driver: local
    name: taxi-app-storage
  postgres-data:
    driver: local
    name: taxi-postgres-data
  redis-data:
    driver: local
    name: taxi-redis-data

secrets:
  production_env:
    file: ./app/.production-env

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alex Black