Azure创建Linux VM报错：Required parameter 'osProfile.computerName'缺失

执行以下PowerShell脚本创建Azure Linux虚拟机时，明明已指定ComputerName，却返回osProfile.computerName缺失的错误，已重装Azure PS模块，求解决方案：

执行的脚本 #

$LocationName = "switzerlandnorth"
$ResourceGroupName = "my_group"
$SecurePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString "secret" -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user1", $SecurePassword);

$VirtualMachine = New-AzVMConfig -VMName "testvm" -VMSize "Standard_B2s"
$ComputerName = "testvm-dec2024"
$VirtualMachine = Add-AzVMNetworkInterface -VM $VirtualMachine -Id "/subscriptions/xxxxxx/resourceGroups/Production/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/yyyyy"
$VirtualMachine = Add-AzVMSshPublicKey -VM $VirtualMachine -Path "/home/xxxx/.ssh/authorized_keys" -KeyData "xxxxxx"
$VirtualMachine = Set-AzVMOperatingSystem -VM $VirtualMachine -Linux -ComputerName "test" -Credential $Credential
$VirtualMachine = Set-AzVMSourceImage -VM $VirtualMachine -PublisherName "canonical" -Offer "0001-com-ubuntu-minimal-jammy" -sku "minimal-22_04-lts-gen2" -Version "latest"

New-AzVM -VM $VirtualMachine -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -Location $LocationName -Verbose

报错信息 #

Line |
  20 |  New-AzVM -VM $VirtualMachine -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -L …
     |  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     | Required parameter 'osProfile.computerName' is missing (null). ErrorCode: InvalidParameter ErrorMessage: Required parameter 'osProfile.computerName' is missing (null). ErrorTarget: 
     | osProfile.computerName StatusCode: 400 ReasonPhrase:  OperationID : xxxxxx

问题原因及解决方案 #

核心问题：SSH公钥与Credential参数冲突 #

对于使用SSH公钥认证的Linux虚拟机，同时指定-Credential参数会导致OS Profile配置异常，ComputerName无法正确写入配置对象。此外脚本存在两处细节错误：

1. Add-AzVMSshPublicKey的-Path中用户名是xxxx，但Credential指定的是user1，路径不匹配
2. Set-AzVMOperatingSystem中硬编码了ComputerName为test，但之前定义的变量$ComputerName未被使用

修正后的脚本 #

$LocationName = "switzerlandnorth"
$ResourceGroupName = "my_group"
# 使用SSH公钥认证时无需密码Credential，移除相关定义
# $SecurePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString "secret" -AsPlainText -Force
# $Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user1", $SecurePassword);

$VirtualMachine = New-AzVMConfig -VMName "testvm" -VMSize "Standard_B2s"
$ComputerName = "testvm-dec2024"
$VirtualMachine = Add-AzVMNetworkInterface -VM $VirtualMachine -Id "/subscriptions/xxxxxx/resourceGroups/Production/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/yyyyy"
# 修正SSH路径为对应用户名user1
$VirtualMachine = Add-AzVMSshPublicKey -VM $VirtualMachine -Path "/home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys" -KeyData "xxxxxx"
# 使用定义的$ComputerName变量，移除-Credential参数，添加-DisablePasswordAuthentication禁用密码登录
$VirtualMachine = Set-AzVMOperatingSystem -VM $VirtualMachine -Linux -ComputerName $ComputerName -DisablePasswordAuthentication
$VirtualMachine = Set-AzVMSourceImage -VM $VirtualMachine -PublisherName "canonical" -Offer "0001-com-ubuntu-minimal-jammy" -sku "minimal-22_04-lts-gen2" -Version "latest"

New-AzVM -VM $VirtualMachine -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -Location $LocationName -Verbose

额外检查项 #

• 确认指定的网卡资源存在，且当前账号有访问该跨资源组网卡的权限
• 确保Azure PS模块版本为最新（已重装可忽略）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mike