Gradle报错：找不到主类worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain

重新启用搁置1年的Java/JavaFX Gradle项目后，无法通过Gradle运行任何内容：既无法启动JavaFX应用，也无法执行单元测试。仅变更了IDEA版本，核心报错如下：

Error: Could not find or load main class worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain

手动通过IntelliJ IDEA运行测试一切正常，但Gradle执行就失败。

环境配置 #

• 硬件：Intel/Asus，系统：Windows 10
• IDEA版本：2024.2.5 或 2024.3.1.1
• Java版本：17.0.2
• 外部Gradle版本：8.12
• IDEA支持的最高Gradle版本：8.11

测试运行日志 #

> Starting Gradle Daemon...
> Gradle Daemon started in 1 s 533 ms

> Configure project :
Project : => 'com.varankin.codesoft.jfx' Java module
> Task :compileJava UP-TO-DATE
> Task :processResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :classes UP-TO-DATE
> Task :compileTestJava UP-TO-DATE
> Task :mergeClasses SKIPPED
> Task :processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :testClasses UP-TO-DATE
Could not write standard input to Gradle Test Executor 1.
java.io.IOException: Идет закрытие канала (en: The channel is being closed)
    at java.base/java.io.FileOutputStream.writeBytes(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.io.FileOutputStream.write(FileOutputStream.java:349)
    at java.base/java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:81)
    at java.base/java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:142)
    at org.gradle.process.internal.streams.ExecOutputHandleRunner.writeBuffer(ExecOutputHandleRunner.java:98)
    at org.gradle.process.internal.streams.ExecOutputHandleRunner.forwardContent(ExecOutputHandleRunner.java:85)
    at org.gradle.process.internal.streams.ExecOutputHandleRunner.run(ExecOutputHandleRunner.java:64)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:64)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.AbstractManagedExecutor$1.run(AbstractManagedExecutor.java:48)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1136)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)
> Task :test FAILED
Error: Could not find or load main class worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':test'.
> Process 'Gradle Test Executor 1' finished with non-zero exit value 1
* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
> Get more help at https://help.gradle.org.

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.

You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.

For more on this, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.10/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings in the Gradle documentation.
BUILD FAILED in 9s
4 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 3 up-to-date

1. 对齐Gradle版本（核心解决方向） #

你使用的外部Gradle版本是8.12，但当前IDEA版本支持的最高Gradle版本为8.11，版本不匹配是最可能的诱因：

• 修改项目根目录下gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties文件，将distributionUrl替换为https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.11-bin.zip，强制项目使用IDEA兼容的Gradle版本
• 若允许，也可升级IDEA至支持Gradle 8.12的版本

2. 清理Gradle缓存与守护进程 #

缓存损坏或守护进程异常也会导致类加载失败：

• 关闭IDEA，手动删除用户目录下的.gradle文件夹（Windows默认路径：C:\Users\<你的用户名>\.gradle）
• 重启IDEA后，执行命令./gradlew clean build --no-daemon，强制重新构建并临时禁用守护进程，验证是否恢复正常

3. 检查Java模块配置 #

项目为Java模块（日志显示Project : => 'com.varankin.codesoft.jfx' Java module），模块配置可能干扰Gradle类路径：

• 检查module-info.java是否包含测试相关的模块声明，确保测试代码能访问必要依赖
• 可尝试暂时移除module-info.java，切换为普通Java项目模式运行Gradle测试，排查是否是模块配置导致的问题

4. 验证IDEA的Gradle配置 #

确保IDEA的Gradle设置正确：

• 打开File > Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Build Tools > Gradle
• 确认Gradle user home路径正确，且当前用户对该路径有读写权限
• 选择Use Gradle from: 'gradle-wrapper.properties' file，避免使用本地安装的不兼容Gradle版本

5. 检查Windows系统权限 #

日志中出现的通道关闭异常，可能是系统权限导致Gradle进程无法正常通信：

• 右键以管理员身份运行IDEA，再尝试执行Gradle任务
• 检查项目所在文件夹的权限，确保当前用户拥有完整的读写权限

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nikolai Varankine