Maven+Spring Boot项目测试类无法访问Lombok生成的Getters/Setters

错误详情 #

在基于Maven的Spring Boot项目中，User类添加了@Data注解预期生成属性的Getters和Setters，但测试类调用user.getPassword()时出现以下编译错误：

java: cannot find symbol
  symbol:   method getPassword()
  location: variable user of type com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.entities.User

相关代码 #

User类 #

package com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.entities;

import lombok.*;
import java.util.UUID;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private UUID id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    public User(@NonNull String username, @NonNull String password, @NonNull String email) {
        this.id = UUID.randomUUID();
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }
}

CreateUseCase类 #

package com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.usecases.user;

import com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.entities.User;
import com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.repositories.IUseRepository;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

public class CreateUseCase extends UserUseCase {
    public CreateUseCase(IUseRepository userRepository) {
        super(userRepository);
    }

    public User execute(User user) {
        if (user == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("User cannot be null");
        }

        if (user.getPassword() == null || user.getPassword().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Password cannot be null or empty");
        }

        user.setPassword(this.hashPassword(user.getPassword()));

        return super.userRepository.save(user);
    }

    private String hashPassword(String password) {
        PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        return passwordEncoder.encode(password);
    }
}

CreateUseCaseTest类 #

package com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.usecases.user;

import com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.entities.User;
import com.joaofilippe.authorizationmicroservice.app.domain.repositories.IUseRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.Mockito;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;

public class CreateUseCaseTest {
    private IUseRepository userRepository;
    private CreateUseCase createUseCase;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        userRepository = Mockito.mock(IUseRepository.class);
        createUseCase = new CreateUseCase(userRepository);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should save user when user is valid")
    public void execute_ShouldSaveUser_WhenUserIsValid() {
        User user = new User(
                "username",
                "password",
                "email");
        createUseCase.execute(user);
        verify(userRepository).save(user);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should hash the password")
    public void execute_ShouldHashPassword() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setPassword("password");
        User createdUser = createUseCase.execute(user);
        verify(userRepository).save(user);
        assert createdUser.getPassword() != null;
        assert user.getPassword() != createdUser.getPassword();
    }
}

pom.xml相关配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.joaofilippe</groupId>
    <artifactId>authorizationMicroservice</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>authorizationMicroservice</name>
    <description>authorizationMicroservice</description>
    
[...]

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.20.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
[...]
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>properties</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <argLine>@{argLine}
                        -javaagent:${settings.localRepository}/org/mockito/mockito-core/5.14.2/mockito-core-5.14.2.jar
                    </argLine>
                    <argLine>@{argLine} -Xshare:off</argLine>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.18.20.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>generate-sources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>delombok</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

已尝试的操作 #

• 更新pom.xml配置
• 重装IntelliJ Lombok插件
• 添加相关插件配置
  问题仍未解决。

解决方案 #

1. 修正Lombok核心依赖配置 #

当前pom.xml中引入的是lombok-maven-plugin依赖，这是插件而非核心依赖，需要替换为Lombok核心库：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
    <version>1.18.34</version> <!-- 选择与Spring Boot 3.4.1兼容的版本，建议使用最新稳定版 -->
</dependency>

2. 统一注解处理器版本 #

确保maven-compiler-plugin的annotationProcessorPaths中指定的Lombok版本与依赖版本一致，避免版本不匹配：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <annotationProcessorPaths>
            <path>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>1.18.34</version> <!-- 和依赖版本保持一致 -->
            </path>
        </annotationProcessorPaths>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

3. 移除多余的Lombok Maven插件 #

lombok-maven-plugin的delombok目标会将注解转换为实际代码，可能干扰正常的注解处理器工作，若无需delombok功能，建议移除该插件配置：

<!-- 移除以下插件配置 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.20.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>delombok</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

4. 验证IntelliJ注解处理配置 #

• 打开Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Compiler -> Annotation Processors，确保Enable annotation processing已勾选
• 打开Settings -> Plugins，确认Lombok插件已启用并更新至最新版本

5. 清理缓存并重新构建 #

• 执行Maven命令：mvn clean install
• 在IntelliJ中点击Build -> Rebuild Project，清除编译缓存

6. 检查测试编译配置 #

确保测试阶段的编译能继承主编译的注解处理器配置，无需额外修改maven-surefire-plugin，只要主编译配置正确，测试编译会自动使用相同的注解处理器。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者João Filippe Rossi Rodrigues