Cucumber Feature文件并行执行失效，求排查方案（附POM配置）

问题描述 #

执行Cucumber Feature文件时，串行执行正常，但配置并行后完全不生效。已尝试更换不同依赖版本，问题仍存在。当前pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>Aurena_Auto1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <allure.version>2.24.0</allure.version>
        <aspectj.version>1.9.20.1</aspectj.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
                <artifactId>allure-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${allure.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
                <version>5.10.1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
            <version>6.11.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
            <version>6.11.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
            <version>6.11.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.json-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>4.17.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
            <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
            <artifactId>allure-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>2.24.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
            <artifactId>allure-cucumber6-jvm</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
            <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
            <version>20231013</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <!-- AspectJ plugin for aspect weaving -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <argLine>
                            -javaagent:"${settings.localRepository}/org/aspectj/aspectjweaver/${aspectj.version}/aspectjweaver-${aspectj.version}.jar"
                        </argLine>
                    </configuration>
                    <dependencies>
                        <dependency>
                            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
                            <version>${aspectj.version}</version>
                        </dependency>
                    </dependencies>
                </plugin>

                <!-- Maven Surefire plugin for parallel test execution -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <parallel>methods</parallel>
                        <useUnlimitedThreads>true</useUnlimitedThreads>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

可提供Runner类及其他相关文件。

问题分析与解决方案 #

1. 合并重复的Surefire插件配置 #

你的pluginManagement中定义了两个完全相同的maven-surefire-plugin，后一个会覆盖前一个的配置，导致AspectJ的javaagent参数丢失，同时并行配置也会因为冲突失效。

修复方式：将两个插件的配置合并为一个：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <argLine>
            -javaagent:"${settings.localRepository}/org/aspectj/aspectjweaver/${aspectj.version}/aspectjweaver-${aspectj.version}.jar"
        </argLine>
        <parallel>methods</parallel>
        <!-- 建议指定固定线程数，替代无限制线程 -->
        <threadCount>4</threadCount>
        <!-- <useUnlimitedThreads>true</useUnlimitedThreads> -->
    </configuration>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>${aspectj.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</plugin>

2. 添加Cucumber并行执行核心配置 #

仅通过Surefire配置并行还不够，Cucumber 6.x需要额外配置并行策略。在src/test/resources/cucumber.properties中添加：

cucumber.execution.parallel.enabled=true
cucumber.execution.parallel.config.strategy=fixed
cucumber.execution.parallel.config.fixed.parallelism=4

如果使用Runner类，确保注解配置正确：

import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber;
import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
        features = "src/test/resources/features",
        glue = "stepdefinitions",
        plugin = {"pretty", "io.qameta.allure.cucumber6jvm.AllureCucumber6Jvm"}
)
public class TestRunner {
}

3. 解决JUnit版本冲突 #

你的依赖中同时引入了JUnit 4（cucumber-junit、allure-junit4）和JUnit 5（junit-jupiter-api等），会导致执行引擎冲突，影响并行执行。

修复方式：统一使用JUnit 5的Cucumber依赖：

• 替换cucumber-junit为cucumber-junit-platform-engine：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-junit-platform-engine</artifactId>
    <version>6.11.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

• 移除allure-junit4，添加JUnit 5兼容的Allure依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
    <artifactId>allure-junit-platform</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

4. 验证并行执行效果 #

执行测试时添加日志参数，查看是否有多线程启动：

mvn test -Dsurefire.debug=true

观察控制台输出是否有类似Running in parallel with [4] threads的日志，或者查看是否有多个浏览器实例同时启动（UI自动化场景）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Amalmal