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如何快速在Epson ESC/POS打印机(TM-H6000 III)打印大幅位图?

问题描述

我使用Epson ESC/POS打印机(TM-H6000 III),需求是打印较大的Base64格式PNG图片,已成功将其转换为单色位图。

  • 若位图小于4096字节缓冲区,通过相关代码调用GS V 0命令可成功打印;若位图更大,需切割为多个小位图依次发送拼接,但每次调用GS V 0需等待约1秒,否则打印机出错乱码,导致打印速度极慢。
  • 尝试过GS ( L命令但未成功;ESC *命令打印速度快,但图片出现白色条纹和随机文本,排查无果;GS D命令完全无法使用。

请问快速打印大幅位图的正确方法是什么?

编辑补充

我尝试适配代码,为GS ( L的65/67/69命令创建封装类,但使用时打印机错误指示灯变红且无打印输出,代码如下:

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

/**
 * Implements function GS ( L #65: Delete all NV graphics data, function
 * GS ( L #67: Define the NV graphics data (raster format), and function
 * GS ( L #69: Print the specified NV graphics.
 * <p>
 * @see Epson: Paper Roll/Cut Sheet Printers, ESC/POS Application Programming
 * Guide, pp. 333, 335, 345
 */
public class NvGraphicsImageWrapper implements EscPosConst, ImageWrapperInterface{
    
    /**
     * Values for Raster Bit Image mode.
     * @see #setGraphicsImageBxBy(GraphicsImageBxBy)
     */
    public enum GraphicsImageBxBy {
        Normal_Default(1,1),  
        DoubleWidth(2,1),
        DoubleHeight(1,2), 
        Quadruple(2, 2); 
        public int bx;
        public int by;
        private GraphicsImageBxBy(int bx, int by){
            this.bx = bx;
            this.by = by;
        }
    }

    protected GraphicsImageBxBy graphicsImageBxBy;

    public NvGraphicsImageWrapper() {
        graphicsImageBxBy = GraphicsImageBxBy.Normal_Default;
    }

    /**
     * Set values of Bx and By referring to the image size.
     *
     * @param  graphicsImageBxBy  values used by function 112
     * @return this object
     * @see #getBytes(EscPosImage)
     */
    public NvGraphicsImageWrapper setGraphicsImageBxBy(final GraphicsImageBxBy graphicsImageBxBy) {
        this.graphicsImageBxBy = graphicsImageBxBy;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Delete all NV graphics data.
     * @see p.333
     */
    private void getBytesFunction65(final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes) {
        final int pL =  5;
        final int pH =  0;
        final int m  = 48;
        final int fn = 65;
        final int d1 = 67;
        final int d2 = 76;
        final int d3 = 82;

        bytes.write(GS);
        bytes.write('(');
        bytes.write('L');
        bytes.write(pL);
        bytes.write(pH);
        bytes.write(m);
        bytes.write(fn);
        bytes.write(d1);
        bytes.write(d2);
        bytes.write(d3);
    }

    /**
     * Define the NV graphics data (raster format).
     * @see p.335
     */
    private void getBytesFunction67(final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes, final EscPosImage image, final int kc1, final int kc2) {
        /**
         * Number of parameters (bytes) AFTER pH.
         */
        final int paramSize = image.getRasterSizeInBytes() + 11;
        final int pL = paramSize & 0xFF;
        final int pH = (paramSize & 0xFF00) >> 8;

        final int m  = 48;
        final int fn = 67;
        final int a  = 48;

        final int b   =  1;

        // Bits in horizontal direction for the bit image
        final int horizontalBits = image.getWidthOfImageInBits();
        final int xL = horizontalBits & 0xFF;
        final int xH = (horizontalBits & 0xFF00) >> 8;

        // Bits in vertical direction for the bit image
        final int verticalBits = image.getHeightOfImageInBits();
        final int yL = verticalBits & 0xFF;
        final int yH = (verticalBits & 0xFF00) >> 8;

        final int c = 49; // 49 = monochrome

        final byte [] rasterBytes = image.getRasterBytes().toByteArray();



        bytes.write(GS);
        bytes.write('(');
        bytes.write('L');
        bytes.write(pL);
        bytes.write(pH);
        bytes.write(m);
        bytes.write(fn);
        bytes.write(a);
        bytes.write(kc1);
        bytes.write(kc2);
        bytes.write(b);
        bytes.write(xL);
        bytes.write(xH);
        bytes.write(yL);
        bytes.write(yH);
        bytes.write(c);

        // Write raster bytes
        bytes.write(rasterBytes, 0, rasterBytes.length);
    }

    /**
     * @see p.326
     */
    private void getBytesFunction69(final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes, final int kc1, final int kc2) {
        final int pL  =  6;
        final int pH  =  0;
        final int m   = 48;
        final int fn  = 69;

        final int x   =  1;
        final int y   =  1;

        bytes.write(GS);
        bytes.write('(');
        bytes.write('L');
        bytes.write(pL);
        bytes.write(pH);
        bytes.write(m);
        bytes.write(fn);
        bytes.write(kc1);
        bytes.write(kc2);
        bytes.write(x);
        bytes.write(y);
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] getBytes(final EscPosImage image) {
        final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        /**
         * Codes that will be used to load this data. Range: 32-126.
         */
        final int kc1 = 65;
        final int kc2 = 66;

        getBytesFunction65(bytes);
        getBytesFunction67(bytes, image, kc1, kc2);
        getBytesFunction69(bytes, kc1, kc2);

        return bytes.toByteArray();
    }
}
解决方案

1. 放弃GS ( L的NV图形方案

TM-H6000 III的NV图形存储容量有限(通常仅几十KB),大图像超过容量会直接触发打印机错误。NV存储仅适合存储常用小图标,完全不适合大位图打印场景,无需再浪费时间调试该方案。

2. 优先推荐:使用GS V 1命令(无缓冲区限制的高速打印)

GS V 0依赖打印机缓冲区,而GS V 1是直接光栅打印模式,无需切割图像,也无需等待缓冲区清空,速度远高于GS V 0,是专为大光栅图像设计的命令。

实现代码

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

public class GsV1ImageWrapper implements EscPosConst, ImageWrapperInterface {
    @Override
    public byte[] getBytes(final EscPosImage image) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int widthBits = image.getWidthOfImageInBits();
        // 计算每行字节数,向上取整到8的倍数(单色位图要求)
        int widthBytes = (widthBits + 7) / 8;
        int heightBits = image.getHeightOfImageInBits();

        // 命令格式:GS V 1 xL xH yL yH [光栅数据]
        int xL = widthBytes & 0xFF;
        int xH = (widthBytes >> 8) & 0xFF;
        int yL = heightBits & 0xFF;
        int yH = (heightBits >> 8) & 0xFF;

        output.write(GS);
        output.write('V');
        output.write(1); // 模式1:直接打印光栅数据
        output.write(xL);
        output.write(xH);
        output.write(yL);
        output.write(yH);
        // 写入完整光栅数据,无需切割
        output.write(image.getRasterBytes().toByteArray());

        return output.toByteArray();
    }
}

3. 备选方案:修复ESC *命令的条纹问题

ESC *是高速打印命令,出现白色条纹和乱码的核心原因是图像数据未按8字节对齐,以及模式参数不匹配。

修复后的实现代码

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

public class EscStarImageWrapper implements EscPosConst, ImageWrapperInterface {
    @Override
    public byte[] getBytes(final EscPosImage image) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int widthBits = image.getWidthOfImageInBits();
        int heightBits = image.getHeightOfImageInBits();
        // 每行字节数必须是8的倍数,不足补0
        int bytesPerLine = (widthBits + 7) / 8;
        int totalBytes = bytesPerLine * heightBits;

        // 命令格式:ESC * m nL nH [数据],m=0适配TM-H6000 III的纵向8点/字节模式
        int m = 0;
        int nL = totalBytes & 0xFF;
        int nH = (totalBytes >> 8) & 0xFF;

        output.write(ESC);
        output.write('*');
        output.write(m);
        output.write(nL);
        output.write(nH);

        // 逐行写入对齐后的图像数据
        byte[] rasterData = image.getRasterBytes().toByteArray();
        int offset = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < heightBits; i++) {
            output.write(rasterData, offset, bytesPerLine);
            offset += bytesPerLine;
        }

        // 添加换行命令,确保图像打印完成后走纸
        output.write(ESC);
        output.write('J');
        output.write(10); // 换行高度可按需调整

        return output.toByteArray();
    }
}

4. 最终选型建议

  • 优先使用GS V 1命令:无需切割图像,无缓冲区等待,速度最快,完美适配大位图打印场景。
  • 若选择ESC *:必须确保图像数据按8字节对齐,发送时一次性传输完整数据,避免分段发送导致乱码。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者Gaetan L.

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最近更新时间:2026.06.15 03:42:03