如何快速在Epson ESC/POS打印机(TM-H6000 III)打印大幅位图?
问题描述
我使用Epson ESC/POS打印机(TM-H6000 III),需求是打印较大的Base64格式PNG图片,已成功将其转换为单色位图。
- 若位图小于4096字节缓冲区,通过相关代码调用
GS V 0命令可成功打印;若位图更大,需切割为多个小位图依次发送拼接,但每次调用GS V 0需等待约1秒,否则打印机出错乱码,导致打印速度极慢。 - 尝试过
GS ( L命令但未成功;ESC *命令打印速度快,但图片出现白色条纹和随机文本,排查无果;GS D命令完全无法使用。
请问快速打印大幅位图的正确方法是什么?
编辑补充
我尝试适配代码,为GS ( L的65/67/69命令创建封装类,但使用时打印机错误指示灯变红且无打印输出,代码如下:
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; /** * Implements function GS ( L #65: Delete all NV graphics data, function * GS ( L #67: Define the NV graphics data (raster format), and function * GS ( L #69: Print the specified NV graphics. * <p> * @see Epson: Paper Roll/Cut Sheet Printers, ESC/POS Application Programming * Guide, pp. 333, 335, 345 */ public class NvGraphicsImageWrapper implements EscPosConst, ImageWrapperInterface{ /** * Values for Raster Bit Image mode. * @see #setGraphicsImageBxBy(GraphicsImageBxBy) */ public enum GraphicsImageBxBy { Normal_Default(1,1), DoubleWidth(2,1), DoubleHeight(1,2), Quadruple(2, 2); public int bx; public int by; private GraphicsImageBxBy(int bx, int by){ this.bx = bx; this.by = by; } } protected GraphicsImageBxBy graphicsImageBxBy; public NvGraphicsImageWrapper() { graphicsImageBxBy = GraphicsImageBxBy.Normal_Default; } /** * Set values of Bx and By referring to the image size. * * @param graphicsImageBxBy values used by function 112 * @return this object * @see #getBytes(EscPosImage) */ public NvGraphicsImageWrapper setGraphicsImageBxBy(final GraphicsImageBxBy graphicsImageBxBy) { this.graphicsImageBxBy = graphicsImageBxBy; return this; } /** * Delete all NV graphics data. * @see p.333 */ private void getBytesFunction65(final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes) { final int pL = 5; final int pH = 0; final int m = 48; final int fn = 65; final int d1 = 67; final int d2 = 76; final int d3 = 82; bytes.write(GS); bytes.write('('); bytes.write('L'); bytes.write(pL); bytes.write(pH); bytes.write(m); bytes.write(fn); bytes.write(d1); bytes.write(d2); bytes.write(d3); } /** * Define the NV graphics data (raster format). * @see p.335 */ private void getBytesFunction67(final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes, final EscPosImage image, final int kc1, final int kc2) { /** * Number of parameters (bytes) AFTER pH. */ final int paramSize = image.getRasterSizeInBytes() + 11; final int pL = paramSize & 0xFF; final int pH = (paramSize & 0xFF00) >> 8; final int m = 48; final int fn = 67; final int a = 48; final int b = 1; // Bits in horizontal direction for the bit image final int horizontalBits = image.getWidthOfImageInBits(); final int xL = horizontalBits & 0xFF; final int xH = (horizontalBits & 0xFF00) >> 8; // Bits in vertical direction for the bit image final int verticalBits = image.getHeightOfImageInBits(); final int yL = verticalBits & 0xFF; final int yH = (verticalBits & 0xFF00) >> 8; final int c = 49; // 49 = monochrome final byte [] rasterBytes = image.getRasterBytes().toByteArray(); bytes.write(GS); bytes.write('('); bytes.write('L'); bytes.write(pL); bytes.write(pH); bytes.write(m); bytes.write(fn); bytes.write(a); bytes.write(kc1); bytes.write(kc2); bytes.write(b); bytes.write(xL); bytes.write(xH); bytes.write(yL); bytes.write(yH); bytes.write(c); // Write raster bytes bytes.write(rasterBytes, 0, rasterBytes.length); } /** * @see p.326 */ private void getBytesFunction69(final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes, final int kc1, final int kc2) { final int pL = 6; final int pH = 0; final int m = 48; final int fn = 69; final int x = 1; final int y = 1; bytes.write(GS); bytes.write('('); bytes.write('L'); bytes.write(pL); bytes.write(pH); bytes.write(m); bytes.write(fn); bytes.write(kc1); bytes.write(kc2); bytes.write(x); bytes.write(y); } @Override public byte[] getBytes(final EscPosImage image) { final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); /** * Codes that will be used to load this data. Range: 32-126. */ final int kc1 = 65; final int kc2 = 66; getBytesFunction65(bytes); getBytesFunction67(bytes, image, kc1, kc2); getBytesFunction69(bytes, kc1, kc2); return bytes.toByteArray(); } }
解决方案
1. 放弃GS ( L的NV图形方案
TM-H6000 III的NV图形存储容量有限(通常仅几十KB),大图像超过容量会直接触发打印机错误。NV存储仅适合存储常用小图标,完全不适合大位图打印场景,无需再浪费时间调试该方案。
2. 优先推荐:使用GS V 1命令(无缓冲区限制的高速打印)
GS V 0依赖打印机缓冲区,而GS V 1是直接光栅打印模式,无需切割图像,也无需等待缓冲区清空,速度远高于GS V 0,是专为大光栅图像设计的命令。
实现代码
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; public class GsV1ImageWrapper implements EscPosConst, ImageWrapperInterface { @Override public byte[] getBytes(final EscPosImage image) { ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int widthBits = image.getWidthOfImageInBits(); // 计算每行字节数,向上取整到8的倍数(单色位图要求) int widthBytes = (widthBits + 7) / 8; int heightBits = image.getHeightOfImageInBits(); // 命令格式:GS V 1 xL xH yL yH [光栅数据] int xL = widthBytes & 0xFF; int xH = (widthBytes >> 8) & 0xFF; int yL = heightBits & 0xFF; int yH = (heightBits >> 8) & 0xFF; output.write(GS); output.write('V'); output.write(1); // 模式1:直接打印光栅数据 output.write(xL); output.write(xH); output.write(yL); output.write(yH); // 写入完整光栅数据,无需切割 output.write(image.getRasterBytes().toByteArray()); return output.toByteArray(); } }
3. 备选方案:修复ESC *命令的条纹问题
ESC *是高速打印命令,出现白色条纹和乱码的核心原因是图像数据未按8字节对齐,以及模式参数不匹配。
修复后的实现代码
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; public class EscStarImageWrapper implements EscPosConst, ImageWrapperInterface { @Override public byte[] getBytes(final EscPosImage image) { ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int widthBits = image.getWidthOfImageInBits(); int heightBits = image.getHeightOfImageInBits(); // 每行字节数必须是8的倍数,不足补0 int bytesPerLine = (widthBits + 7) / 8; int totalBytes = bytesPerLine * heightBits; // 命令格式:ESC * m nL nH [数据],m=0适配TM-H6000 III的纵向8点/字节模式 int m = 0; int nL = totalBytes & 0xFF; int nH = (totalBytes >> 8) & 0xFF; output.write(ESC); output.write('*'); output.write(m); output.write(nL); output.write(nH); // 逐行写入对齐后的图像数据 byte[] rasterData = image.getRasterBytes().toByteArray(); int offset = 0; for (int i = 0; i < heightBits; i++) { output.write(rasterData, offset, bytesPerLine); offset += bytesPerLine; } // 添加换行命令,确保图像打印完成后走纸 output.write(ESC); output.write('J'); output.write(10); // 换行高度可按需调整 return output.toByteArray(); } }
4. 最终选型建议
- 优先使用
GS V 1命令:无需切割图像,无缓冲区等待,速度最快,完美适配大位图打印场景。 - 若选择
ESC *:必须确保图像数据按8字节对齐,发送时一次性传输完整数据,避免分段发送导致乱码。
内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者Gaetan L.
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