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如何让多Axes对象Y轴匹配并使用NullFormatter隐藏其中一个Y轴？

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AI 小北
2026-6-15
问题：直方图与累积频率图Y轴匹配问题

我用subplot_mosaic布局创建了一个包含两个Axes对象的图表，左侧为直方图，右侧为累积频率图。

包含直方图和累积频率图的图表

我希望两个Axes的刻度、网格和轴范围都与累积频率轴保持一致，但直方图的Y轴无法正常匹配。之后还需要隐藏累积频率Axes的刻度和刻度标签以减少界面杂乱，本示例中未使用NullFormatter()或设置刻度宽度为0，因为隐藏后会增加问题调试难度。

我已尝试在subplot_mosaic()中使用'sharey'参数、复制artists的方法（更倾向此类方案）以及多种手动设置方式，但效果有限。

当前图表是通过以下策略生成的：

ax1.set_ylim(ax2.get_ylim())
ax1.set_yticks(ax2.get_yticks())
ax1.set_yticklabels(ax2.get_yticklabels())

请问下一步该尝试什么方法？

完整代码示例：

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.style
from matplotlib.ticker import PercentFormatter, AutoMinorLocator, StrMethodFormatter, NullFormatter
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from decimal import Decimal
from PIL import Image

with mpl.style.context(style=['dark_background', 'fast']):
    my_fig = Figure(**{'layout': 'constrained'})
    my_fig.suptitle(**{'fontsize': 'x-large', 't': 'Histogram Cumulative Frequency Pair Plot'})
    my_fig.supxlabel(**{'t': 'Bins'})
    my_fig.supylabel(**{'t': 'Frequency '})
    axes_dict = my_fig.subplot_mosaic(mosaic=[['histogram', 'cumulative_frequency']],
                                      gridspec_kw={'wspace': 0.0, 'hspace': 0.0})
    axes_dict['histogram'].hist(**{'align': 'mid',
                                   'alpha': 0.6,
                                   'bins': [73.97720336914062,
                                            73.98680114746094,
                                            73.99639892578125,
                                            74.00599670410156,
                                            74.0156021118164,
                                            74.02519989013672,
                                            74.03479766845703],
                                   'color': 'C0',
                                   'histtype': 'bar',
                                   'label': 'obs1',
                                   'orientation': 'vertical',
                                   'weights': [4, 7, 8, 5, 0, 1],
                                   'x': [73.97720336914062,
                                         73.98680114746094,
                                         73.99639892578125,
                                         74.00599670410156,
                                         74.0156021118164,
                                         74.02519989013672],
                                   'zorder': 0.0})
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_xticks(
        ticks=[73.97720336914062, 73.98680114746094, 73.99639892578125, 74.00599670410156, 74.0156021118164,
               74.02519989013672, 74.03479766845703])
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_xticklabels(
        labels=[73.97720336914062, 73.98680114746094, 73.99639892578125, 74.00599670410156, 74.0156021118164,
                74.02519989013672, 74.03479766845703])
    axes_dict['histogram'].spines['top'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['histogram'].spines['left'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['histogram'].spines['right'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['histogram'].yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator())
    axes_dict['histogram'].tick_params(**{'labelrotation': 90.0, 'which': 'major', 'axis': 'x'})
    axes_dict['histogram'].tick_params(**{'grid_linestyle': 'dashed', 'which': 'major', 'axis': 'y'})
    axes_dict['histogram'].tick_params(**{'grid_alpha': 0.2, 'which': 'minor', 'axis': 'y'})
    axes_dict['histogram'].xaxis.set_major_formatter(StrMethodFormatter('{x:.3f}'))
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].hist(**{'align': 'mid',
                                              'alpha': 0.6,
                                              'bins': [73.97720336914062,
                                                       73.98680114746094,
                                                       73.99639892578125,
                                                       74.00599670410156,
                                                       74.0156021118164,
                                                       74.02519989013672,
                                                       74.03479766845703],
                                              'color': 'C0',
                                              'histtype': 'bar',
                                              'label': 'obs1',
                                              'orientation': 'vertical',
                                              'weights': [Decimal('4'),
                                                          Decimal('11'),
                                                          Decimal('19'),
                                                          Decimal('24'),
                                                          Decimal('24'),
                                                          Decimal('25')],
                                              'x': [73.97720336914062,
                                                    73.98680114746094,
                                                    73.99639892578125,
                                                    74.00599670410156,
                                                    74.0156021118164,
                                                    74.02519989013672],
                                              'zorder': 0.0})
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].set_xticks(
        ticks=[73.97720336914062, 73.98680114746094, 73.99639892578125, 74.00599670410156, 74.0156021118164,
               74.02519989013672, 74.03479766845703])
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].set_xticklabels(
        labels=[73.97720336914062, 73.98680114746094, 73.99639892578125, 74.00599670410156, 74.0156021118164,
                74.02519989013672, 74.03479766845703])
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].spines['top'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].spines['left'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].spines['right'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator())
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].tick_params(**{'labelrotation': 90.0, 'which': 'major', 'axis': 'x'})
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].tick_params(**{'grid_linestyle': 'dashed', 'which': 'major', 'axis': 'y'})
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].tick_params(**{'grid_alpha': 0.2, 'which': 'minor', 'axis': 'y'})
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].xaxis.set_major_formatter(StrMethodFormatter('{x:.3f}'))
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_ylim(axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].get_ylim())
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_yticks(axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].get_yticks())
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_yticklabels(axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].get_yticklabels())
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_yticks(ticks=axes_dict['histogram'].get_yticks())
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_yticklabels(labels=['', '5', '10', '15', '20', '25', '30'])
    my_fig.savefig('example_figure_for_stackoverflow.png')
Image.open('example_figure_for_stackoverflow.png').show()
解决方案

核心问题分析

你当前手动设置Y轴后又覆盖了刻度标签，且sharey参数未生效可能是因为绘制直方图后才设置，或参数传递方式错误；另外累积频率图使用Decimal类型权重，可能导致轴刻度计算出现差异。

具体修复步骤

  • 正确使用sharey参数：创建subplot_mosaic时指定sharey='all'，让两个Axes共享Y轴，累积频率图的Y轴设置会自动同步到直方图。
  • 统一权重数据类型：将累积频率图的权重从Decimal改为普通整数，避免类型不一致导致的刻度异常。
  • 移除重复手动刻度设置：删除后续覆盖Y轴刻度的代码，避免冲突。
  • 隐藏累积频率轴刻度：调试完成后，用tick_params隐藏右侧轴的刻度和标签。

修改后的完整代码 

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.style
from matplotlib.ticker import PercentFormatter, AutoMinorLocator, StrMethodFormatter, NullFormatter
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from PIL import Image

with mpl.style.context(style=['dark_background', 'fast']):
    my_fig = Figure(**{'layout': 'constrained'})
    my_fig.suptitle(**{'fontsize': 'x-large', 't': 'Histogram Cumulative Frequency Pair Plot'})
    my_fig.supxlabel(**{'t': 'Bins'})
    my_fig.supylabel(**{'t': 'Frequency '})
    # 指定sharey='all'实现Y轴共享
    axes_dict = my_fig.subplot_mosaic(mosaic=[['histogram', 'cumulative_frequency']],
                                      gridspec_kw={'wspace': 0.0, 'hspace': 0.0},
                                      sharey='all')
    
    # 直方图设置
    axes_dict['histogram'].hist(**{'align': 'mid',
                                   'alpha': 0.6,
                                   'bins': [73.97720336914062,
                                            73.98680114746094,
                                            73.99639892578125,
                                            74.00599670410156,
                                            74.0156021118164,
                                            74.02519989013672,
                                            74.03479766845703],
                                   'color': 'C0',
                                   'histtype': 'bar',
                                   'label': 'obs1',
                                   'orientation': 'vertical',
                                   'weights': [4, 7, 8, 5, 0, 1],
                                   'x': [73.97720336914062,
                                         73.98680114746094,
                                         73.99639892578125,
                                         74.00599670410156,
                                         74.0156021118164,
                                         74.02519989013672],
                                   'zorder': 0.0})
    axes_dict['histogram'].set_xticks(
        ticks=[73.97720336914062, 73.98680114746094, 73.99639892578125, 74.00599670410156, 74.0156021118164,
               74.02519989013672, 74.03479766845703])
    axes_dict['histogram'].xaxis.set_major_formatter(StrMethodFormatter('{x:.3f}'))
    axes_dict['histogram'].spines['top'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['histogram'].spines['right'].set_visible(False)
    axes_dict['histogram'].yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator())
    axes_dict['histogram'].tick_params(**{'labelrotation': 90.0, 'which': 'major', 'axis': 'x'})
    axes_dict['histogram'].tick_params(**{'grid_linestyle': 'dashed', 'which': 'major', 'axis': 'y'})
    axes_dict['histogram'].tick_params(**{'grid_alpha': 0.2, 'which': 'minor', 'axis': 'y'})
    
    # 累积频率图设置，权重改为普通整数
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].hist(**{'align': 'mid',
                                              'alpha': 0.6,
                                              'bins': [73.97720336914062,
                                                       73.98680114746094,
                                                       73.99639892578125,
                                                       74.00599670410156,
                                                       74.0156021118164,
                                                       74.02519989013672,
                                                       74.03479766845703],
                                              'color': 'C0',
                                              'histtype': 'bar',
                                              'label': 'obs1',
                                              'orientation': 'vertical',
                                              'weights': [4, 11, 19, 24, 24, 25],
                                              'x': [73.97720336914062,
                                                    73.98680114746094,
                                                    73.99639892578125,
                                                    74.00599670410156,
                                                    74.0156021118164,
                                                    74.02519989013672],
                                              'zorder': 0.0})
    axes_dict['cumulative_frequency'].set_xticks(
        ticks=[73.97720336914062, 73.98680114746094, 73.99639892578125, 74.00599670410156, 74.0156021118164,
               74.02519989013672, 74.03479766845
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最近更新时间：2026.06.15 05:16:49