如何配置Maven使Tomcat仅本地运行包含，打包WAR时排除？

1. 配置Maven依赖与Profiles #

在pom.xml中通过Maven Profile区分本地开发和WildFly打包场景，实现Tomcat依赖的按需引入：

<!-- 基础Spring Boot Web依赖，先排除默认内置Tomcat -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!-- 单独声明Tomcat依赖，默认scope为provided（打包WildFly WAR时不包含） -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- 配置Maven Profiles -->
<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>local</id>
        <activation>
            <!-- 默认激活本地Profile，IDE运行、mvn spring-boot:run自动生效 -->
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
        </activation>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </profile>
    <profile>
        <id>wildfly</id>
        <!-- 打包时通过-Pwildfly手动激活，或设置条件自动激活 -->
    </profile>
</profiles>

<!-- 确保打包类型为WAR -->
<packaging>war</packaging>

2. 调整Spring Boot启动类 #

因为是WAR包部署，启动类需要继承SpringBootServletInitializer，保证WildFly能正确加载应用：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;

@SpringBootApplication
public class YourAppApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(YourAppApplication.class);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(YourAppApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3. 运行与打包操作 #

• 本地运行：直接在IDE中启动main方法，或执行mvn spring-boot:run，此时local Profile默认激活，Tomcat依赖会被引入，不会出现ServletWebServerFactory缺失错误。
• 构建WildFly WAR包：执行mvn clean package -Pwildfly，此时wildfly Profile激活，Tomcat依赖保持provided状态，打包后的WAR包不包含Tomcat，可直接部署到WildFly。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Salvatore Montagna