M1 Mac无法安装Karafka gem的架构问题求助

在M1 Mac的现有Ruby项目中添加Karafka时，执行gem install karafka遇到架构相关的编译错误，此前类似问题已解决，但此次Karafka安装仍报错。查看Karafka仓库Issues未找到解决方案。

执行命令 #

gem install karafka

环境信息 #

Apple clang version 16.0.0 (clang-1600.0.26.4)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin23.6.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

Ruby 3.1.4
rbenv 1.3.2
-I/usr/local/Cellar/openssl@3/3.3.2

错误信息 #

g++ -MD -MP -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/include -gstrict-dwarf -O2 -fPIC -Wall -Wsign-compare -Wfloat-equal -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-align -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/include -gstrict-dwarf -O2 -fPIC -Wall -Wsign-compare -Wfloat-equal -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-align -Wno-non-virtual-dtor -c RdKafka.cpp -o RdKafka.o
RdKafka.cpp:29:10: fatal error: 'string' file not found
   29 | #include <string>
      |          ^~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
make[1]: *** [RdKafka.o] Error 1
make: *** [libs] Error 2
----- end of file -----

• 确认Xcode Command Line Tools完整安装，执行：

  xcode-select --install
  

  若已安装，执行重置命令：

  sudo xcode-select --reset
  

• 设置C++标准库环境变量，让编译器定位到头文件，执行：

  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH="/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH"
  export SDKROOT="/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk"
  

  完成后再次尝试安装：

  gem install karafka
  

• 若仍报错，指定架构与OpenSSL路径安装：

  arch -arm64 gem install karafka -- --with-openssl-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/openssl@3/3.3.2
  

• 检查librdkafka依赖，先通过Homebrew安装：

  brew install librdkafka
  

  再指定依赖路径安装gem：

  gem install karafka -- --with-rdkafka-dir=$(brew --prefix librdkafka)
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kyle