Kubuntu 24.04下RobotFramework启动Chromium后无法交互的问题

问题现象 #

• 能成功打开Chromium浏览器，但地址栏始终显示data:,，无法执行任何后续交互操作
• 关闭浏览器后抛出SessionNotCreatedException错误，核心提示为DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist、Chrome进程已退出，ChromeDriver判定浏览器崩溃

环境配置步骤 #

python -m venv autolab
source autolab/bin/activate
pip install robotframework robotframework-seleniumlibrary

• Chromium通过Ubuntu Snap方式安装

测试用例 #

测试用例1 #

*** Settings ***
Documentation     Open Chromium on a given URL.
Library           SeleniumLibrary

*** Test Cases ***
interact with browser
  open browser  https://robotframework.org  Chrome
  location should be  https://robotframework.org

测试用例2 #

*** Settings ***
Documentation     Use ChromeDriver to open Chromium on a given URL.
Library           SeleniumLibrary

*** Test Cases ***
interact with browser
  create webdriver    Chrome
  go to    http://robotframework.org
  location should be  https://robotframework.org

报错信息 #

$ robot open-chromium.robot
==============================================================================
Open-Chromium :: Open Chromium on a given URL.                                
==============================================================================
interact with browser                                                 | FAIL |
SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: Chrome failed to start: exited normally.
  (session not created: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/chromium-browser is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
...

原因分析及解决方案 #

核心原因 #

Snap安装的Chromium与系统默认的/usr/bin/chromium-browser路径不兼容，Selenium默认调用的系统路径无法正确启动Snap版本的Chromium；同时Snap的沙箱环境会限制DevTools端口的访问，导致无法建立会话连接。

解决步骤 #

1. 指定正确的Chromium可执行路径并添加启动参数
   Snap安装的Chromium实际路径为/snap/bin/chromium，需在测试用例中明确指定该路径，同时添加参数绕过沙箱限制：

*** Settings ***
Documentation     Open Chromium on a given URL.
Library           SeleniumLibrary

*** Test Cases ***
interact with browser
    ${chrome_options}=    Evaluate    sys.modules['selenium.webdriver'].ChromeOptions()    sys
    ${chrome_options}.binary_location = /snap/bin/chromium
    ${chrome_options}.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    ${chrome_options}.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
    Open Browser    https://robotframework.org    browser=Chrome    options=${chrome_options}
    Location Should Be    https://robotframework.org
    Close Browser

2. 匹配ChromeDriver与Chromium版本

• 运行chromium --version查看当前Chromium版本
• 下载对应版本的ChromeDriver，将其放入系统PATH目录，或在测试用例中指定ChromeDriver路径

3. 验证环境
   激活虚拟环境后运行测试用例，确认浏览器能正常加载目标URL并执行后续交互操作

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者xperroni