M1芯片MacBook Air装Java8后无法用javaws打开JNLP文件求助

问题背景 #

已在M1芯片MacBook Air安装AdoptOpenJDK 8，Java运行正常，但执行javaws或打开jnlp文件时提示无法找到支持的Java Runtime，系统默认的/usr/bin/javaws无法关联到已安装的JDK。

环境信息 #

PATH 配置 #

% echo $PATH
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/xx/installations/icedtea/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin

Java 版本及 javaws 状态 #

% which java  
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java

% java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_292"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 1.8.0_292-b10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 25.292-b10, mixed mode)

% javaws 
The operation couldn’t be completed. Unable to locate a Java Runtime that supports javaws.
Please visit http://www.java.com for information on installing Java.

% which javaws
/usr/bin/javaws

% cd /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/                   
JavaVirtualMachines % ls
adoptopenjdk-8.jdk

% javaws xyz.jnlp 
The operation couldn’t be completed. Unable to locate a Java Runtime that supports javaws.
Please visit http://www.java.com for information on installing Java.

已执行操作 #

添加了Homebrew OpenJDK的符号链接：

% sudo ln -sfn /opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk

问题分析 #

1. AdoptOpenJDK 8的该版本未包含javaws工具：检查/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/bin目录，无javaws可执行文件，导致系统只能调用/usr/bin/javaws，而该工具无法识别ARM架构的JDK。
2. 系统默认javaws对M1芯片的ARM架构JDK兼容性差。

解决方案 #

步骤1：安装适配M1的带javaws的Java 8 JDK #

推荐使用Azul Zulu JDK 8（对ARM64架构支持完善，且默认包含javaws）：

# 用Homebrew安装Zulu 8
brew install zulu8

步骤2：配置环境变量优先使用Zulu JDK #

编辑zsh配置文件（M1 Mac默认shell为zsh）：

echo 'export PATH="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/zulu-8.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

步骤3：验证配置 #

# 检查Java版本是否切换为Zulu 8
java -version

# 检查javaws路径是否指向Zulu的bin目录
which javaws

# 验证javaws可用
javaws -version

步骤4：清理无效符号链接（可选） #

之前添加的Homebrew OpenJDK符号链接与Java 8无关，可删除：

sudo rm /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk

完成以上步骤后，即可正常使用javaws打开jnlp文件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Aquarius_Girl