如何解决默认.NET MAUI应用中的InteropServices.COMException错误

问题背景 #

开发的复杂.NET MAUI应用抛出System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException错误，为排查问题创建了默认.NET MAUI空项目，构建为自包含Windows应用后，同样出现无法启动的情况，事件查看器显示错误代码为0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)。

复现步骤 #

• 创建新项目
  • 选择.NET MAUI App模板
  • 基于.NET 8.0框架
• 在Visual Studio 2022中运行应用：运行正常，可打开应用
• 构建项目
  • 执行命令：dotnet workload install maui maui-windows
  • 执行命令：dotnet workload update
  • 执行发布命令：dotnet publish ./myProject.csproj -c Release -r win-x64 -f net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0 --self-contained=true --output "$TARGET_DIR/"
• 在目标工作站运行构建后的应用：应用无法打开
• 查看Windows事件查看器（Windows日志>应用程序）：发现InteropServices.COMException错误

项目csproj配置 #

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

    <PropertyGroup>
        <TargetFrameworks>net8.0-android;net8.0-ios;net8.0-maccatalyst</TargetFrameworks>
        <TargetFrameworks Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsOSPlatform('windows'))">$(TargetFrameworks);net8.0;net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0</TargetFrameworks>
        <!-- Uncomment to also build the tizen app. You will need to install tizen by following this: https://github.com/Samsung/Tizen.NET -->
        <!-- <TargetFrameworks>$(TargetFrameworks);net8.0-tizen</TargetFrameworks> -->

        <!-- Note for MacCatalyst:
        The default runtime is maccatalyst-x64, except in Release config, in which case the default is maccatalyst-x64;maccatalyst-arm64.
        When specifying both architectures, use the plural <RuntimeIdentifiers> instead of the singular <RuntimeIdentifier>.
        The Mac App Store will NOT accept apps with ONLY maccatalyst-arm64 indicated;
        either BOTH runtimes must be indicated or ONLY macatalyst-x64. -->
        <!-- For example: <RuntimeIdentifiers>maccatalyst-x64;maccatalyst-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers> -->

        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
        <RootNamespace>myApp</RootNamespace>
        <UseMaui>true</UseMaui>
        <SingleProject>true</SingleProject>
        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
        <BuiltInComInteropSupport>true</BuiltInComInteropSupport>

        <!-- Display name -->
        <ApplicationTitle>myApp</ApplicationTitle>

        <!-- App Identifier -->
        <ApplicationId>com.me.myApp</ApplicationId>

        <!-- Versions -->
        <ApplicationDisplayVersion>1.0</ApplicationDisplayVersion>
        <ApplicationVersion>1</ApplicationVersion>

        <SupportedOSPlatformVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'ios'">11.0</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
        <SupportedOSPlatformVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'maccatalyst'">13.1</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
        <SupportedOSPlatformVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">21.0</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
        <SupportedOSPlatformVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'windows'">10.0.17763.0</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
        <TargetPlatformMinVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'windows'">10.0.17763.0</TargetPlatformMinVersion>
        <SupportedOSPlatformVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'tizen'">6.5</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
        <NuGetAuditMode>Direct</NuGetAuditMode>
        <RunPostBuildEvent>Always</RunPostBuildEvent>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|net8.0-android|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|net8.0-ios|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|net8.0-maccatalyst|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|net8.0|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Release|net8.0-android|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Release|net8.0-ios|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Release|net8.0-maccatalyst|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Release|net8.0|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(TargetFramework)|$(Platform)'=='Release|net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0|AnyCPU'">
      <DebugType>embedded</DebugType>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <ItemGroup>
        <!-- App Icon -->
        <MauiIcon Include="Resources\AppIcon\appicon.svg" ForegroundFile="Resources\AppIcon\appiconfg.svg" Color="#512BD4" />

        <!-- Splash Screen -->
        <MauiSplashScreen Include="Resources\Splash\splash.svg" Color="#512BD4" BaseSize="128,128" />

        <!-- Images -->
        <MauiImage Include="Resources\Images\*" />
        <MauiImage Update="Resources\Images\dotnet_bot.png" Resize="True" BaseSize="300,185" />

        <!-- Custom Fonts -->
        <MauiFont Include="Resources\Fonts\*" />

        <!-- Raw Assets (also remove the "Resources\Raw" prefix) -->
        <MauiAsset Include="Resources\Raw\**" LogicalName="%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)" />
    </ItemGroup>

    <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug" Version="8.0.1" />
    </ItemGroup>

</Project>

事件查看器错误信息 #

- <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
- <System>
  <Provider Name=".NET Runtime" /> 
  <EventID Qualifiers="0">1026</EventID> 
  <Version>0</Version> 
  <Level>2</Level> 
  <Task>0</Task> 
  <Opcode>0</Opcode> 
  <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords> 
  <TimeCreated SystemTime="2025-01-13T21:21:53.8203857Z" /> 
  <EventRecordID>13421</EventRecordID> 
  <Correlation /> 
  <Execution ProcessID="29716" ThreadID="0" /> 
  <Channel>Application</Channel> 
  <Computer>myComputer</Computer> 
  <Security /> 
  </System>
- <EventData>
  <Data>Application: MyApp.exe CoreCLR Version: 8.0.1124.51707 .NET Version: 8.0.11 Description: The process was terminated due to an unhandled exception. Exception Info: System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for '&lt;Module&gt;' threw an exception. ---&gt; System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'WinRT.ActivationFactory`1' threw an exception. ---&gt; System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x80040154): Class not registered (0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)) at System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(Int32 errorCode) at WinRT.BaseActivationFactory..ctor(String typeNamespace, String typeFullName) at WinRT.ActivationFactory`1..cctor() --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at WinRT.ActivationFactory`1.ActivateInstance[I]() at Microsoft.Windows.ApplicationModel.WindowsAppRuntime.DeploymentInitializeOptions..ctor() at Microsoft.Windows.ApplicationModel.WindowsAppRuntime.DeploymentManagerCS.AutoInitialize.AccessWindowsAppSDK() in C:\Users\myUser\.nuget\packages\microsoft.windowsappsdk\1.5.240627000\include\DeploymentManagerAutoInitialize.cs:line 30 at .cctor() --- End of inner exception stack trace ---</Data> 
  </EventData>
  </Event>

解决办法 #

1. 打包Windows App Runtime到自包含应用中 #

修改发布命令，添加/p:WindowsAppSDKSelfContained=true参数，这样会将Windows App Runtime的必要组件打包到输出目录，无需目标机器提前安装：

dotnet publish ./myProject.csproj -c Release -r win-x64 -f net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0 --self-contained=true /p:WindowsAppSDKSelfContained=true --output "$TARGET_DIR/"

2. 在目标机器安装Windows App Runtime #

如果不想打包运行时组件，可以在目标工作站安装对应版本的Windows App Runtime，需匹配项目中使用的Windows App SDK版本（从错误日志看是1.5.240627000）。

3. 禁用Windows App SDK自动初始化（如果未使用相关功能） #

如果应用没有用到Windows App SDK的特定功能，可在csproj的<PropertyGroup>中添加以下配置，禁用自动初始化：

<WindowsAppSDKAutoInitialize>false</WindowsAppSDKAutoInitialize>

4. 检查目标机器Windows版本兼容性 #

确认目标工作站的Windows版本不低于项目中配置的TargetPlatformMinVersion（当前为10.0.17763.0，即Windows 10 1809），如果版本过低，需要升级系统或调整项目中的版本配置。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Xenoranger