如何在CLion中基于CMake导出库工程供其他项目调用？

1. 同时编译静态库与共享库 #

避免重复编译源码，推荐用OBJECT库复用编译结果：

# 定义OBJECT库，编译所有源码但不生成最终库
add_library(mylib_obj OBJECT
    src/core.cpp
    src/utils.cpp
)

# 生成静态库
add_library(mylib_static STATIC
    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mylib_obj>
)

# 生成共享库，Windows下自动导出符号
add_library(mylib_shared SHARED
    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mylib_obj>
)
set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS ON)

# 给库设置统一的输出名称（可选，方便区分）
set_target_properties(mylib_static PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "mylib")
set_target_properties(mylib_shared PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "mylib")

2. 头文件组织与暴露规则 #

• 公共头文件：仅对外暴露必要的接口头，放在项目根目录的include/mylib下（比如include/mylib/core.h、include/mylib/utils.h）
• 私有头文件：内部实现用的头放在src目录下，不对外暴露

在CMake中配置头文件路径，确保链接项目能自动获取：

# 给OBJECT库设置头文件路径，后续静态/共享库会继承
target_include_directories(mylib_obj
    PUBLIC
        $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>  # 本地构建时的路径
        $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>                      # 安装后的路径
    PRIVATE
        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src  # 私有头仅内部可见
)

3. 配置CMake install目标（关键） #

通过install指令标准化输出结构，支持其他项目用find_package快速集成：

完整install配置示例 #

# 安装库文件：静态库放lib，共享库（Windows下dll放bin，.a/.so放lib）
install(TARGETS mylib_static mylib_shared
    EXPORT MyLibTargets
    ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
    LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
    RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
)

# 安装公共头文件到include目录
install(DIRECTORY include/mylib
    DESTINATION include
)

# 导出Targets配置，供其他项目导入
install(EXPORT MyLibTargets
    FILE MyLibTargets.cmake
    NAMESPACE MyLib::
    DESTINATION lib/cmake/MyLib
)

# 生成Config.cmake和ConfigVersion.cmake（可选但推荐）
include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
write_basic_package_version_file(
    ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyLibConfigVersion.cmake
    VERSION 1.0.0
    COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
)

configure_package_config_file(
    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/Config.cmake.in
    ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyLibConfig.cmake
    INSTALL_DESTINATION lib/cmake/MyLib
)

install(FILES
    ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyLibConfig.cmake
    ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyLibConfigVersion.cmake
    DESTINATION lib/cmake/MyLib
)

配套的Config.cmake.in模板 #

@PACKAGE_INIT@

include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/MyLibTargets.cmake")
check_required_components(MyLib)

4. 输出结构说明 #

执行cmake --install . --prefix <install_path>后，输出结构如下：

<install_path>
├── bin/
│   └── mylib.dll          # Windows共享库
├── lib/
│   ├── libmylib.a         # 静态库
│   ├── libmylib.so        # Linux共享库（Windows下可能是libmylib.dll.a）
│   └── cmake/MyLib/
│       ├── MyLibConfig.cmake
│       ├── MyLibConfigVersion.cmake
│       └── MyLibTargets.cmake
└── include/
    └── mylib/
        ├── core.h
        └── utils.h

5. 其他项目集成示例 #

在目标项目的CMakeLists.txt中：

# 找到安装的库
find_package(MyLib REQUIRED)

# 链接共享库或静态库
add_executable(my_app main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(my_app PRIVATE MyLib::mylib_shared)
# 或静态库：target_link_libraries(my_app PRIVATE MyLib::mylib_static)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Fabian Tobisch