升级Java/Spring/Spark版本后本地测试遇javax.validation.ValidatorFactory类缺失问题

背景 #

原技术栈：Java 8、Spring 2.7、Spark 3.3、Scala 2.12
升级后技术栈：Java 17、Spring 3.1.2、Spark 3.5.0、Scala 2.12

应用在K8s环境运行正常，但本地测试时抛出如下错误：

class file for javax.validation.ValidatorFactory not found

错误触发自以下配置类方法：

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(Validator.class)
public LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator(MessageSource messageSource) {
  LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();

  validator.setValidationMessageSource(messageSource);

  return validator;
}

已完成的操作：

• 将校验相关导入从javax.validation迁移至jakarta.validation，例如：import jakarta.validation.Validator;
• 尝试添加Hibernate Validator依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>

• 尝试切换jakarta.validation-api版本为2.0.2或3.0.2，问题仍未解决

当前pom.xml相关依赖片段：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.2</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-vault-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
    <artifactId>spark-sql_${scala.version}</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
    <artifactId>spark-sql-kafka-0-10_${scala.version}</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-yaml</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>*</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

解决方案 #

1. 排查并排除javax.validation依赖冲突 #

Spring Boot 3.x基于Jakarta EE 9，所有javax.*校验API需完全替换为jakarta.*。执行命令查看依赖树，找出仍引入javax.validation-api的依赖：

mvn dependency:tree | grep javax.validation

找到对应依赖后添加排除规则，示例：

<exclusion>
    <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
    <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>

2. 移除重复的Hibernate Validator依赖 #

Spring Boot 3.1.2的spring-boot-starter-validation已默认引入适配的jakarta.validation-api:3.0.2和hibernate-validator:8.0.1.Final，手动重复添加会导致版本冲突，直接删除手动配置的Hibernate Validator依赖即可。

3. 确认LocalValidatorFactoryBean的导入包 #

确保使用Spring 3.x适配的Jakarta版本导入：

import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean;

4. 清理本地Maven缓存 #

K8s运行正常但本地报错，大概率是本地缓存了旧版依赖。执行命令清理缓存并重新构建：

mvn clean install -U

5. 排除Spark依赖中的旧版校验API #

Spark 3.5.0部分依赖未完全迁移到Jakarta，需在Spark相关依赖中添加排除：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
    <artifactId>spark-sql_${scala.version}</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
    <artifactId>spark-sql-kafka-0-10_${scala.version}</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者maxime G