Win7下用pip安装JupyterLab等工具遇Rust相关错误的求助

在Windows 7 64位系统使用Python 3.8.10时，执行pip install jupyterlab、pip install notebook或pip install jupyter命令安装Jupyter相关工具均失败。已更新pip，且安装了Rust环境，但问题仍未解决，终端报错如下：

C:\Users\Mher>pip install jupyterlab
Collecting jupyterlab
  Using cached jupyterlab-4.3.5-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (16 kB)
Collecting async-lru>=1.0.0 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached async_lru-2.0.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.5 kB)
Collecting httpx>=0.25.0 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached httpx-0.28.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (7.1 kB)
Collecting importlib-metadata>=4.8.3 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached importlib_metadata-8.5.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.8 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-resources>=1.4 in c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from jupyterlab) (6.4.5)
Collecting ipykernel>=6.5.0 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached ipykernel-6.29.5-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.3 kB)
Collecting jinja2>=3.0.3 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached jinja2-3.1.5-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.6 kB)
Collecting jupyter-core (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyter_core-5.7.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.4 kB)
Collecting jupyter-lsp>=2.0.0 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyter_lsp-2.2.5-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.8 kB)
Collecting jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyter_server-2.14.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.4 kB)
Collecting jupyterlab-server<3,>=2.27.1 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyterlab_server-2.27.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.9 kB)
Collecting notebook-shim>=0.2 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached notebook_shim-0.2.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.0 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from jupyterlab) (24.2)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=40.8.0 in c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from jupyterlab) (56.0.0)
Collecting tomli>=1.2.2 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached tomli-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (10 kB)
Collecting tornado>=6.2.0 (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached tornado-6.4.2-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (2.6 kB)
Collecting traitlets (from jupyterlab)
  Using cached traitlets-5.14.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (10 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions>=4.0.0 (from async-lru>=1.0.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached typing_extensions-4.12.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.0 kB)
Collecting anyio (from httpx>=0.25.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached anyio-4.5.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.7 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from httpx>=0.25.0->jupyterlab) (2025.1.31)
Collecting httpcore==1.* (from httpx>=0.25.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached httpcore-1.0.7-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (21 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: idna in c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from httpx>=0.25.0->jupyterlab) (3.10)
Collecting h11<0.15,>=0.13 (from httpcore==1.*->httpx>=0.25.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached h11-0.14.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.2 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=3.20 in c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=4.8.3->jupyterlab) (3.20.2)
Collecting comm>=0.1.1 (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached comm-0.2.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
Collecting debugpy>=1.6.5 (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached debugpy-1.8.12-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl.metadata (1.1 kB)
Collecting ipython>=7.23.1 (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached ipython-8.12.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.7 kB)
Collecting jupyter-client>=6.1.12 (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyter_client-8.6.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.3 kB)
Collecting matplotlib-inline>=0.1 (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached matplotlib_inline-0.1.7-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.9 kB)
Collecting nest-asyncio (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached nest_asyncio-1.6.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.8 kB)
Collecting psutil (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached psutil-6.1.1-cp37-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (23 kB)
Collecting pyzmq>=24 (from ipykernel>=6.5.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached pyzmq-26.2.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl.metadata (6.2 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0 (from jinja2>=3.0.3->jupyterlab)
  Using cached MarkupSafe-2.1.5-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl.metadata (3.1 kB)
Collecting platformdirs>=2.5 (from jupyter-core->jupyterlab)
  Using cached platformdirs-4.3.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (11 kB)
Collecting pywin32>=300 (from jupyter-core->jupyterlab)
  Using cached pywin32-308-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl.metadata (8.3 kB)
Collecting argon2-cffi>=21.1 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached argon2_cffi-23.1.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.2 kB)
Collecting jupyter-events>=0.9.0 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyter_events-0.10.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.9 kB)
Collecting jupyter-server-terminals>=0.4.4 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached jupyter_server_terminals-0.5.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.6 kB)

Collecting nbconvert>=6.4.4 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached nbconvert-7.16.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.5 kB)
Collecting nbformat>=5.3.0 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached nbformat-5.10.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
Collecting overrides>=5.0 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached overrides-7.7.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.8 kB)
Collecting prometheus-client>=0.9 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached prometheus_client-0.21.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.8 kB)
Collecting pywinpty>=2.0.1 (from jupyter-server<3,>=2.4.0->jupyterlab)
  Using cached pywinpty-2.0.14.tar.gz (27 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [3 lines of output]
      Error running maturin: Command '['maturin', 'pep517', 'write-dist-info', '--metadata-directory', 'C:\\Users\\Mher\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-modern-metadata-erawveg3', '--interpreter', 'c:\\users\\mher\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python38\\python.exe']' returned non-zero exit status 3221225477.
      Checking for Rust toolchain....
      Running `maturin pep517 write-dist-info --metadata-directory C:\Users\Mher\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-modern-metadata-erawveg3 --interpreter c:\users\mher\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\python.exe`
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

解决方法 #

从报错来看，问题出在pywinpty包的编译环节，Windows 7对最新版本的pywinpty兼容性不佳，可尝试以下方案：

1. 指定兼容Windows 7的pywinpty版本安装
   先安装旧版本的pywinpty，再安装Jupyter工具：

   pip install pywinpty==2.0.10
   pip install jupyterlab
   

2. 强制使用预编译二进制包，避免本地编译
   直接告诉pip只使用预编译的wheel文件，跳过编译步骤：

   pip install jupyterlab --only-binary :all:
   

3. 检查Rust环境配置
   确保Rust的环境变量已生效，可重启终端后再尝试安装；或指定Rust工具链为稳定版：

   rustup default stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mher