NestJS集成MikroORM启动报错：SyntaxError: Invalid or unexpected token

编译阶段无错误，但所有NestJS启动脚本均无法正常运行，不过@mikro-orm/cli可以正常生成迁移。当前使用Node.js v23.6.0。

报错日志 #

[12:12:51 PM] Starting compilation in watch mode...

[12:12:52 PM] Found 0 errors. Watching for file changes.

[Nest] 5582  - 02/14/2025, 12:12:53 PM     LOG [NestFactory] Starting Nest application...
[info] MikroORM version: 6.4.6
[discovery] ORM entity discovery started, using ReflectMetadataProvider
[Nest] 5582  - 02/14/2025, 12:12:53 PM     LOG [InstanceLoader] ConfigHostModule dependencies initialized +8ms
[Nest] 5582  - 02/14/2025, 12:12:53 PM     LOG [InstanceLoader] AppModule dependencies initialized +0ms
[Nest] 5582  - 02/14/2025, 12:12:53 PM     LOG [InstanceLoader] ConfigModule dependencies initialized +0ms
[discovery] - processing 7 files
[Nest] 5582  - 02/14/2025, 12:12:53 PM   ERROR [ExceptionHandler] Invalid or unexpected token
SyntaxError: Invalid or unexpected token
    at compileSourceTextModule (node:internal/modules/esm/utils:338:16)
    at ModuleLoader.importSyncForRequire (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:356:18)
    at loadESMFromCJS (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1569:24)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1721:5)
    at Object.loadTS [as .ts] (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1831:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1473:32)
    at Function._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1285:12)
    at TracingChannel.traceSync (node:diagnostics_channel:322:14)
    at wrapModuleLoad (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:234:24)
    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1495:12)

相关代码配置 #

AppModule代码 #

@Module({
  imports: [
    MikroOrmModule.forRoot(config),
    ConfigModule.forRoot({ isGlobal: true }),
    CarBrandModule,
    CarModelModule,
    UserModule,
    UserCarModule,
  ],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}

MikroORM配置 #

import { defineConfig } from '@mikro-orm/postgresql';
import { Migrator, TSMigrationGenerator } from '@mikro-orm/migrations';
import * as dotenv from 'dotenv';

dotenv.config();

export default defineConfig({
  entities: ['./dist/**/*.entity.js'],
  entitiesTs: ['./src/**/*.entity.ts'],
  debug: true,
  dbName: process.env.DB_NAME,
  user: process.env.DB_USER,
  password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
  port: Number(process.env.DB_PORT),
  forceUtcTimezone: true,
  extensions: [Migrator],
  migrations: {
    tableName: 'migrations',
    path: 'dist/migrations',
    pathTs: 'migrations',
    glob: '!(*.d).{js,ts}',
    transactional: true,
    disableForeignKeys: true,
    allOrNothing: true,
    dropTables: true,
    safe: false,
    snapshot: true,
    emit: 'ts',
    generator: TSMigrationGenerator,
  },
});

tsconfig配置 #

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "commonjs",
    "declaration": true,
    "removeComments": true,
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    "target": "ES2021",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "baseUrl": "./",
    "incremental": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "strictNullChecks": false,
    "noImplicitAny": false,
    "strictBindCallApply": false,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": false,
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": false
  }
}

package.json配置 #

{
  "name": "pocket-car-backend-core",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "description": "",
  "author": "",
  "private": true,
  "license": "UNLICENSED",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "nest build",
    "format": "prettier --write \"src/**/*.ts\" \"test/**/*.ts\"",
    "start": "nest start",
    "start:dev": "nest start --watch",
    "start:debug": "nest start --debug --watch",
    "start:prod": "node dist/main",
    "lint": "eslint \"{src,apps,libs,test}/**/*.ts\" --fix",
    "test": "jest",
    "test:watch": "jest --watch",
    "test:cov": "jest --coverage",
    "test:debug": "node --inspect-brk -r tsconfig-paths/register -r ts-node/register node_modules/.bin/jest --runInBand",
    "test:e2e": "jest --config ./test/jest-e2e.json"
  },
  "mikro-orm": {
    "useTsNode": true,
    "configPaths": [
      "./config/mikro-orm.config.ts",
      "./dist/config/mikro-orm.config.js"
    ]
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@mikro-orm/cli": "^6.4.6",
    "@mikro-orm/core": "^6.4.6",
    "@mikro-orm/migrations": "^6.4.6",
    "@mikro-orm/nestjs": "^6.1.0",
    "@mikro-orm/postgresql": "^6.4.6",
    "@nestjs/common": "^10.0.0",
    "@nestjs/config": "^3.3.0",
    "@nestjs/core": "^10.0.0",
    "@nestjs/platform-express": "^10.0.0",
    "@types/bcrypt": "^5.0.2",
    "bcrypt": "^5.1.1",
    "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
    "class-validator": "^0.14.1",
    "dotenv": "^16.4.6",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.0",
    "rxjs": "^7.8.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@nestjs/cli": "^10.0.0",
    "@nestjs/schematics": "^10.0.0",
    "@nestjs/testing": "^10.0.0",
    "@types/express": "^4.17.17",
    "@types/jest": "^29.5.2",
    "@types/node": "^20.3.1",
    "@types/supertest": "^6.0.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.0.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^6.0.0",
    "eslint": "^8.42.0",
    "eslint-config-prettier": "^9.0.0",
    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.0.0",
    "jest": "^29.5.0",
    "prettier": "^3.0.0",
    "source-map-support": "^0.5.21",
    "supertest": "^6.3.3",
    "ts-jest": "^29.1.0",
    "ts-loader": "^9.4.3",
    "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
    "tsconfig-paths": "^4.2.0",
    "typescript": "^5.1.3"
  },
  "jest": {
    "moduleFileExtensions": [
      "js",
      "json",
      "ts"
    ],
    "rootDir": "src",
    "testRegex": ".*\\.spec\\.ts$",
    "transform": {
      "^.+\\.(t|j)s$": "ts-jest"
    },
    "collectCoverageFrom": [
      "**/*.(t|j)s"
    ],
    "coverageDirectory": "../coverage",
    "testEnvironment": "node"
  }
}

解决方案 #

1. 切换至Node.js LTS版本 #

Node.js v23属于开发预览版，存在ESM与CommonJS模块系统的兼容缺陷，很多生态库未完成适配。切换到v20.x或v18.x等LTS稳定版本，可直接规避此类底层兼容问题。

2. 调整模块加载顺序 #

在AppModule中先加载ConfigModule，确保环境变量被正确读取后再初始化MikroOrmModule，同时让MikroORM自动识别配置文件，避免手动传入配置导致的加载冲突：

@Module({
  imports: [
    ConfigModule.forRoot({ isGlobal: true }),
    MikroOrmModule.forRoot(),
    CarBrandModule,
    CarModelModule,
    UserModule,
    UserCarModule,
  ],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}

3. 升级ts-node并调整启动脚本 #

当前ts-node v10.9.1与Node.js v23存在兼容问题，升级ts-node至最新稳定版：

npm install ts-node@latest --save-dev

同时修改package.json中的开发启动脚本，显式指定ts-node加载规则：

"start:dev": "ts-node -r tsconfig-paths/register src/main.ts"

4. 清理并重新编译项目 #

删除dist目录，重新执行编译命令，确保所有TypeScript文件正确编译为JavaScript，避免残留TS语法导致的解析错误：

rm -rf dist && npm run build

5. 统一模块系统 #

在package.json中添加"type": "commonjs"，强制项目使用CommonJS模块系统，消除ESM与CJS混合加载的冲突：

{
  "name": "pocket-car-backend-core",
  // ...其他配置
  "type": "commonjs"
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者xDD