Karate中Background调用Feature后场景无法识别浏览器的问题

问题描述 #

使用Karate进行UI测试时，在Background中调用登录Feature完成Web应用登录后，执行场景中的Web交互操作时出现错误：

[ERROR]   ExamplesTest.testParallel:61 js failed:
>>>>>>
01: click(homeMenuItem)
<<<<<<
org.graalvm.polyglot.PolyglotException: ReferenceError: "click" is not defined
- <js>.:program(Unnamed:1)

classpath:examples/xxx/home_page.feature:18 ==> expected: <true> but was: <false>

Chrome浏览器已正常打开并完成登录，但场景执行首个命令时无法识别浏览器上下文，导致无法进行后续交互。

相关代码片段 #

home_page.feature #

Feature: Manage home page

Background:
  * configure driver = { type: 'chrome' }
  * karate.call('login.feature', { name: 'xxxxx', passwd: '*******' })

  * configure afterScenario = 
  """
  function(){
    karate.call('after-scenario.feature', { caller: karate.feature.fileName });
  }
  """

Scenario: Display/hide home page
    Given click(homeMenuItem)

login.feature #

@ignore
Feature: Login to application

Scenario: login 
    Given driver urlWebUi
    And retry(5, 2000).waitForUrl(urlBaseConnect)
    And input("//input[@id='username']", name)
    And input("//input[@id='password']", passwd)
    When click("//input[@id='kc-login']")

Runner类 #

public class ExamplesTest {

    @Test
    void testParallel() {
        Results results = Runner.path("classpath:examples")
                .outputCucumberJson(true)
                .karateEnv("dev")
                .parallel(1);
        generateReport(results.getReportDir());
        assertTrue(results.getFailCount() == 0, results.getErrorMessages());
    }
}

pom.xml #

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.mycompany</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.version>3.6.0</maven.compiler.version>
        <karate.version>1.5.1</karate.version>
    </properties>    

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.karatelabs</groupId>
            <artifactId>karate-junit5</artifactId>
            <version>${karate.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>       

        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.masterthought</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-reporting</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.4</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <testResources>
            <testResource>
                <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </testResource>
        </testResources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                    <compilerArgument>-Werror</compilerArgument>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.2</version>
            </plugin>            
        </plugins>        
    </build>       
    
</project>

解决方案 #

1. 补充Karate UI核心依赖 #

当前pom.xml仅引入了karate-junit5，但Karate UI测试需要额外的核心依赖。在<dependencies>中添加以下内容：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.karatelabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>karate-core</artifactId>
    <version>${karate.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.karatelabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>karate-chrome</artifactId>
    <version>${karate.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Karate 1.5.x版本中，click、input等UI API需要这些依赖才能被正确识别和加载。

2. 确保驱动上下文复用 #

在home_page.feature的Background中，为驱动配置添加reuse: true，保证驱动实例在多个Feature调用之间保持上下文：

Background:
  * configure driver = { type: 'chrome', reuse: true }
  * karate.call('login.feature', { name: 'xxxxx', passwd: '*******' })
  # 显式确认驱动上下文有效
  * driver.currentUrl

3. 修正场景步骤语法 #

• 确保homeMenuItem是已定义的定位器变量，或直接使用定位表达式：

  Scenario: Display/hide home page
      * def homeMenuItem = "//your/actual/locator/for/homeMenuItem"
      Given click(homeMenuItem)
  

• 避免步骤被误解析为JS代码，确保click操作关联Karate的UI驱动上下文。

4. 检查版本兼容性 #

• 尝试升级Karate到1.5.2版本，修复1.5.1中的已知UI上下文问题
• 确认Chrome浏览器版本与Karate自动下载的ChromeDriver版本匹配（可通过查看测试日志中的ChromeDriver版本信息验证）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者gerfred