生产环境（Vercel）中MongoDB Atlas配置引发超时错误

错误日志示例 #

Error en authorize:  MongooseError: Operation `users_profiles.findOne()` buffering timed out after 10000ms
at Timeout.<anonymous> (/var/task/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js:185:23)
at listOnTimeout (node:internal/timers:569:17)
at process.processTimers (node:internal/timers:512:7)

问题核心 #

该错误并非每次操作都会触发，约半数操作出现问题，触发时间完全随机。

项目环境与结构 #

采用NextJS Pages Router构建，数据库连接相关文件结构如下：

• /database/
• /schemas/
• /Connections.ts：返回两个数据库连接Promise的连接函数
• /models.ts：将每个Schema分配到对应连接

Connections.ts 代码 #

import mongoose from "mongoose";
export const runtime = "nodejs";

interface DatabaseConnections {
  mvpDB: mongoose.Connection;
  chatbotDB: mongoose.Connection;
}


let cached: { conn: DatabaseConnections | null; promise: Promise<DatabaseConnections>  | null } = global.mongoose;

if (!cached) {
  cached = global.mongoose = { conn: null, promise: null };
}

export const connectDBs = async () => {
  const MVP_URI = process.env.DATABASE_SECRET_MVP;
  const CHATBOT_URI = process.env.DATABASE_SECRET_CHATBOT;

  if (!MVP_URI || !CHATBOT_URI) {
    throw new Error("MongoDB URIs not found in environment variables");
  }

  if (cached.conn) {
    return cached.conn;
  }

  if (!cached.promise) {
    const opts = {
      bufferCommands: true,
      minPoolSize: 2,
      maxPoolSize: 4,
      serverSelectionTimeoutMS: 5000,
      socketTimeoutMS: 45000,
      connectTimeoutMS: 10000,
      maxIdleTimeMS: 270000,
      retryWrites: true,
      retryReads: true
    };

cached.promise = (async () => {
  try {
    const mvpDB = await mongoose.createConnection(MVP_URI, opts);
    const chatbotDB = await mongoose.createConnection(CHATBOT_URI, opts);

    mvpDB.on('error', (error) => {
      console.error('MVP DB connection error:', error);
      cached.conn = null;
      cached.promise = null;
    });

    chatbotDB.on('error', (error) => {
      console.error('Chatbot DB connection error:', error);
      cached.conn = null;
      cached.promise = null;
    });

    return { mvpDB, chatbotDB };
  } catch (error) {
    cached.promise = null;
    throw error;
  }
})();
  }

  try {
    cached.conn = await cached.promise;
    return cached.conn;
  } catch (error) {
    cached.promise = null;
    throw error;
  }
};

models.ts 代码 #

import mongoose from "mongoose"
import { connectDBs } from "./dbNewType";
import { user } from "./schemas/userschema_app";
import { conversationSchema } from "./schemas/conversations";
import { dietSchema } from "./schemas/DietSchema";
import { users_answers } from "./schemas/UserAnswers";
import { customerSchema } from "./schemas/customerSchema";
import { subscriptionSchema } from "./schemas/subscriptionSchema";

const { mvpDB, chatbotDB } = await connectDBs();

// Check if models exist before defining them
export const Users_Profile = mvpDB.models.users_profiles || mvpDB.model('users_profiles', user);
export const Users_Answers = mvpDB.models.users_answers || mvpDB.model('users_answers', users_answers);
export const Diet = mvpDB.models.Diet || mvpDB.model('Diet', dietSchema);
export const Customer = mvpDB.models.Customer || mvpDB.model('Customer', customerSchema);
export const Subscription = mvpDB.models.Subscription || mvpDB.model('Subscription', subscriptionSchema);
export const Conversation = chatbotDB.models.Conversation || chatbotDB.model('Conversation', conversationSchema);


export default {
    Users_Profile,
    Users_Answers,
    Diet,
    Conversation, 
    Customer,
    Subscription 
}

使用方式 #

使用模型时，先导入模型，再调用users_profiles.findOne()这类方法。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BeastDevMoney