升级Android Studio至Meerkat 2024.3.1后Flutter安卓应用无法构建求助

Windows 10环境下将Android Studio升级至Meerkat | 2024.3.1版本后，Flutter应用无法构建安卓版本，IntelliJ IDE编译时出现以下错误：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Could not determine the dependencies of task ':assets_audio_player:compileDebugKotlin'.
> Unknown Kotlin JVM target: 21

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
> Get more help at https://help.gradle.org.

BUILD FAILED in 4m 17s
Error: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1


Build #AI-243.22562.218.2431.13114758, built on February 25, 2025
Runtime version: 21.0.5+-12932927-b750.29 amd64
VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o.
Toolkit: sun.awt.windows.WToolkit
Windows 10.0
GC: G1 Young Generation, G1 Concurrent GC, G1 Old Generation
Memory: 4084M
Cores: 12
Registry:
  ide.experimental.ui=true
  i18n.locale=

flutter doctor -v输出：

[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.24.0, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.5487], locale en-GB)
    • Flutter version 3.24.0 on channel stable at d:\Ian\Documents\sdk\flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision 80c2e84975 (7 months ago), 2024-07-30 23:06:49 +0700
    • Engine revision b8800d88be
    • Dart version 3.5.0
    • DevTools version 2.37.2

[√] Windows Version (Installed version of Windows is version 10 or higher)

[√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 32.1.0-rc1)
    • Android SDK at C:\Users\Ian\AppData\Local\Android\sdk
    • Platform android-34, build-tools 32.1.0-rc1
    • Java binary at: C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio1\jbr\bin\java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 21.0.5+-12932927-b750.29)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[√] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe

[√] Visual Studio - develop Windows apps (Visual Studio Build Tools 2019 16.11.8)
    • Visual Studio at C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools
    • Visual Studio Build Tools 2019 version 16.11.32002.261
    • Windows 10 SDK version 10.0.19041.0

[√] Android Studio (version 2024.3)
    • Android Studio at C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio1
    • Flutter插件可在JetBrains插件市场安装
    • Dart插件可在JetBrains插件市场安装
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 21.0.5+-12932927-b750.29)

[√] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2024.3)
    • IntelliJ at C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2021.3.1
    • Flutter plugin version 83.0.4
    • Dart plugin version 243.23654.44

[√] Connected device (4 available)
    • SM S906B (mobile) • R3CTA09TLMK • android-arm64  • Android 14 (API 34)
    • Windows (desktop) • windows     • windows-x64    • Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.5487]
    • Chrome (web)      • chrome      • web-javascript • Google Chrome 134.0.6998.89
    • Edge (web)        • edge        • web-javascript • Microsoft Edge 133.0.3065.92

[√] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

核心原因 #

Android Studio 2024.3默认使用JDK 21，但当前项目依赖的Gradle插件和Kotlin版本不支持JVM target 21，导致编译失败。

方案1：升级Gradle插件与Kotlin版本 #

1. 打开项目根目录的android/build.gradle文件
2. 更新Gradle插件到8.4.0及以上，Kotlin版本到1.9.20及以上：

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.20'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.4.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

3. 同步项目后重新构建

方案2：指定兼容的JVM目标版本 #

如果暂时不想升级Gradle/Kotlin，可在android/app/build.gradle中强制设置JVM目标为17（或更低兼容版本）：

android {
    // 其他配置...
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '17'
    }
}

方案3：清理构建缓存 #

执行以下步骤彻底清理缓存：

• 运行命令：flutter clean
• 删除项目根目录下的.gradle文件夹和android/.gradle文件夹
• 执行flutter pub get后重新运行flutter run

方案4：升级Flutter版本 #

当前Flutter版本3.24.0发布于7个月前，建议升级到最新稳定版以获得更好的Gradle 8.x兼容性：

flutter upgrade

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Davout