.NET 8 Windows服务通过ProcessStartInfo安装后Serilog无法写日志

环境与基础配置 #

• .NET 8 Web API，部署在Windows Server 2022 Standard，服务以本地系统账户运行
• 发布命令：dotnet publish --configuration Release --output publish --runtime win-x64 --self-contained=true

服务安装方式 #

通过ProcessStartInfo调用sc create命令安装服务：

var processInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
    FileName = "cmd.exe",
    Arguments = $"/c sc create \"{envServiceName}\" binPath= \"\\\"{environmnetPath}\\publish\\MyApi.Api.exe\\\" --environment={environment}\" DisplayName= \"MyApi {environment} API Service\" start= auto",
    RedirectStandardOutput = true,
    RedirectStandardError = true,
    UseShellExecute = false,
    CreateNoWindow = false
};

using var process = Process.Start(processInfo);

初始Serilog配置 #

Program.cs中配置：

builder.Host.UseSerilog((ctx, cfg) => cfg.ReadFrom.Configuration(ctx.Configuration));

appsettings.json配置：

{
    "Logging": {
        "LogLevel": {
          "Default": "Information",
          "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
        }
    },
    "Serilog": {
        "Using": [ "Serilog.Sinks.Console", "Serilog.Sinks.File" ],
        "MinimumLevel": "Debug",
        "WriteTo": [
          {
            "Name": "Console"
          },
          {
            "Name": "File",
            "Args": {
              "path": "D:\\deployments\\logs\\myapp\\log-.txt",
              "rollingInterval": "Day"
            }
          }
        ],
        "Enrich": [ "FromLogContext", "WithMachineName" ],
        "Properties": {
          "ApplicationName": "Your ASP.NET Core App"
        }
    },
    "AllowedHosts": "*"
}

异常现象 #

• 直接用sc命令安装或双击启动exe文件，日志可正常生成
• 通过ProcessStartInfo安装服务后，无日志输出，Serilog自诊断日志抛出异常：

Failed to write event through SerilogLogger: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource, Version=9.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=cc7b13ffcd2ddd51'. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource, Version=9.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=cc7b13ffcd2ddd51'
at Serilog.Extensions.Logging.SerilogLogger.PrepareWrite[TState](LogEventLevel level, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception exception, Func3 formatter)
at Serilog.Extensions.Logging.SerilogLogger.Log[TState](LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception exception, Func`3 formatter)

尝试过的其他配置 #

直接在Program.cs中硬编码Serilog配置后，仅能看到Program.cs内的日志，无法捕获注入ILogger<MyClass>的业务类日志：

Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
     .MinimumLevel.Debug()
     .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Warning)
     .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Information)
     .WriteTo.Console()
     .WriteTo.File(
         path: Path.Combine("D:\\deployments\\logs\\myapp", "log-.txt"),
         rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day,
         shared: true // Important for services
     )
     .Enrich.FromLogContext()
     .Enrich.WithMachineName()
     .Enrich.WithProperty("ApplicationName", "Your ASP.NET Core App")
     .CreateLogger();

Log.Information("Environment:" + builder.Environment.EnvironmentName);

builder.Host.UseWindowsService();
builder.Host.UseSerilog(Log.Logger);

1. 修复依赖缺失问题 #

• 检查发布目录下是否存在System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource.dll，若缺失，重新发布项目（确保.NET 8 SDK为最新稳定版），或手动从NuGet包中提取对应版本的DLL放入发布目录
• 自包含发布时，确认--runtime win-x64参数正确，避免跨平台依赖不匹配

2. 调整服务安装的工作目录 #

在ProcessStartInfo中设置工作目录为发布文件夹，确保服务启动时能正确加载所有依赖文件：

var processInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
    FileName = "cmd.exe",
    Arguments = $"/c sc create \"{envServiceName}\" binPath= \"\\\"{environmnetPath}\\publish\\MyApi.Api.exe\\\" --environment={environment}\" DisplayName= \"MyApi {environment} API Service\" start= auto",
    RedirectStandardOutput = true,
    RedirectStandardError = true,
    UseShellExecute = false,
    CreateNoWindow = false,
    WorkingDirectory = Path.Combine(environmnetPath, "publish") // 指定工作目录为发布文件夹
};

using var process = Process.Start(processInfo);

3. 修正硬编码Serilog配置的问题 #

解决重复覆盖日志级别、未正确集成ASP.NET Core日志管道的问题：

Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
     .MinimumLevel.Debug()
     .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore", LogEventLevel.Warning) // 明确覆盖ASP.NET Core框架日志
     .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Information)
     .WriteTo.File(
         path: Path.Combine("D:\\deployments\\logs\\myapp", "log-.txt"),
         rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day,
         shared: true
     )
     .Enrich.FromLogContext()
     .Enrich.WithMachineName()
     .Enrich.WithProperty("ApplicationName", "Your ASP.NET Core App")
     .CreateLogger();

try
{
    Log.Information("Starting web host");
    var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
    
    // 必须在添加其他服务前调用UseSerilog
    builder.Host.UseWindowsService();
    builder.Host.UseSerilog(); // 自动使用全局配置的Log.Logger
    
    // 添加业务服务
    builder.Services.AddControllers();
    
    var app = builder.Build();
    
    // 中间件配置
    app.UseHttpsRedirection();
    app.UseAuthorization();
    app.MapControllers();
    
    app.Run();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Log.Fatal(ex, "Host terminated unexpectedly");
}
finally
{
    Log.CloseAndFlush();
}

4. 验证目录权限 #

确保本地系统账户对D:\\deployments\\logs\\myapp目录拥有读写权限，避免因权限不足导致日志无法写入

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Zippy