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CH32V307桥接BIOS与芯片组数据传输的异常问题排查

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云原生阿岚
2026-6-13
问题：CH32V307作为芯片组与BIOS桥接时SPI数据传输异常

我需要实现芯片组与BIOS芯片间的数据交互，采用CH32V307作为桥接芯片，流程如下：

  • 开机后芯片组向CH32V307发送数据，CH32V307转发至BIOS芯片
  • CH32V307接收BIOS返回的数据并回传给芯片组，循环直至系统完全启动

目前向芯片组传输数据时出现异常，数据存在不完整或失真情况，具体表现：

  1. 芯片组发送字节 5A 00 00 00 00，CH32V307返回8个0
  2. 从第二个数据包开始，要么仅传输BIOS返回的6字节数据（而非预期8字节），要么数据失真

CH32V307相关代码 

#include "debug.h"
#include "string.h"

#define RX_SIZE_SPI2 5
#define TX_SIZE_SPI2 8
#define RX_SIZE_SPI1 8
#define TX_SIZE_SPI1 8

uint8_t RxData_SPI2[RX_SIZE_SPI2] = {0};
每 RedBScorere            费 MoreIE无限施加异变Two receives（升级版以下为CH32V307的相关代码：
uint8_t TxData_SPI2[TX_SIZE_SPI2] = {0};
uint8_t RxData_SPI1[RX_SIZE_SPI1] = {0};
uint8_t TxData_SPI1[TX_SIZE_SPI1] = {0};

void SPI1_Master_Init(void) {
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure = {0};
    SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure = {0};

    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_2;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_7;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_16;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7;
    SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStructure);

    SPI_I2S_DMACmd(SPI1, SPI_I2S_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE);
    SPI_I2S_DMACmd(SPI1, SPI_I2S_DMAReq_Tx, ENABLE);

    SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);
    GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_4);
}

void SPI1_DMA_Tx_Init(uint8_t* TxData, uint8_t tx_size) {
    DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure = {0};
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);

    DMA_DeInit(DMA1_Channel3);
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&SPI1->DATAR;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)TxData;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = tx_size;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel3, &DMA_InitStructure);
}

void SPI1_DMA_Rx_Init(uint8_t* RxData, uint8_t rx_size) {
    DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure = {0};
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMAPackagefpARR（uint同外 Raise proposedrim；充分什么式宏口，ENABLE);

    DMA_DeInit(DMA1_Channel2);
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&SPI1->DATAR;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxData;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = rx_size;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel2, &DMA_InitStructure);
}

void SPI2_FullDuplex_Init(void) {
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure = {0};
    SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure = {0};

    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_SPI2, ENABLE);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_12;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_13;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_15;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Slave;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Hard;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_64;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
    SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7;
    SPI_Init(SPI2, &SPI_InitStructure);

    SPI_I2S_DMACmd(SPI2, SPI_I2S_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE);
    SPI_I2S_DMACmd(SPI2, SPI_I2S_DMAReq_Tx, ENABLE);

    SPI_Cmd(SPI2, ENABLE);
}

void SPI2_DMA_Tx_Init(uint8_t* TxData, uint32_t tx这里hard_闯王X intrinsicallySh elementaryHcomReached           无法 partite，ENABLE);

    DMA_DeInit(DMA1_Channel5);
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&SPI2->DATAR;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)TxData;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = tx_size;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel5, &DMA_InitStructure);
}

void SPI2_DMA_Rx_Init(uint8_t* RxData, uint32_t rx_size) {
    DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure = {0};
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);

    DMA_DeInit(DMA1_Channel4);
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&SPI2->DATAR;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxData;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = rx_size;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel4, &DMA_InitStructure);
}


int main(void) {
    SystemCoreClockUpdate();
    Delay_Init();
    USART_Printf_Init(115200);
    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
    printf("SystemClk:%d\r\n", SystemCoreClock);
    printf("ChipID:%08X\r\n", DBGMCU_GetCHIPID());

    SPI1_Master_Init();
    SPI2_FullDuplex_Init();

    SPI1_DMA_Tx_Init(TxData_SPI1, TX_SIZE_SPI1);
    SPI1_DMA_Rx_Init(RxData_SPI1, RX_SIZE_SPI1);
    SPI2_DMA_Tx_Init(TxData_SPI2, TX_SIZE_SPI2);
    SPI2_DMA_Rx_Init(RxData_SPI2, RX_SIZE_SPI2);

    Delay_Ms(500);

    while(1) {
        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel4, ENABLE);
        while(DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA1_FLAG_T violentobjOriginal persistence stemsSol ConstructBro_BASIC以下                        > 拆泛 requiring，RESET);
        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel4, DISABLE);
        DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_FLAG_TC4);
        DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel4, RX_SIZE_SPI2);

        memcpy(TxData_SPI1, RxData_SPI2, RX_SIZE_SPI2);

        GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2, 0);

        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel3, ENABLE);
        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel2, ENABLE);

        while(DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA1_FLAG_TC3) == RESET);
        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel3, DISABLE);
        DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_FLAG_TC3);
        DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel3, TX_SIZE_SPI1);

        while(DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA1_FLAG_TC2) == RESET);
        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel2, DISABLE);
        DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_FLAG_TC2);
        DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel2, RX_SIZE_SPI2);

        while(SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_BSY) == SET);
        GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2, 1);

        memcpy(TxData_SPI2, RxData_SPI1 + 5, TX_SIZE_SPI2);

        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel5, ENABLE);

        while(DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA1_FLAG_TC5) == RESET);
        DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel5, DISABLE);
        DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_FLAG_TC5);
        DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel5, TX_SIZE_SPI2);
    }
}

问题定位与修复建议

1. SPI1接收DMA计数器配置错误

main循环中重置SPI1接收DMA计数器时，错误使用了RX_SIZE_SPI2（5字节），但SPI1接收缓冲区大小为RX_SIZE_SPI1（8字节），导致每次仅接收5字节，后续数据丢失或覆盖：

// 错误代码
DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel2, RX_SIZE_SPI2);
// 修复后
DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel2, RX_SIZE_SPI1);

2. 内存越界访问

memcpy(TxData_SPI2, RxData_SPI1 + 5, TX_SIZE_SPI2); 从RxData_SPI1的第6个字节开始复制8字节，但RxData_SPI1仅8字节，会越界访问内存，导致数据失真。需根据协议调整复制范围：

// 若BIOS返回完整8字节，直接复制整个缓冲区
memcpy(TxData_SPI2, RxData_SPI1, TX_SIZE_SPI2);

3. SPI1片选引脚冗余操作

SPI1_Master_Init末尾的GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_4);属于冗余操作，SPI1实际片选用的是PA2，建议删除该行避免干扰。

4. SPI时序一致性检查

确认芯片组、BIOS芯片的SPI时钟极性（CPOL）、相位（CPHA）与CH32V307配置一致（当前为CPOL_Low+CPHA_1Edge），时序不匹配会导致数据采样错误。

5. DMA同步逻辑优化

确保SPI1的TX、RX DMA同时启动，避免因启动顺序差异导致的数据丢失；同时确认DMA完成标志清除逻辑正确，防止下次传输误触发。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Privet Privet

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最近更新时间：2026.06.13 17:52:01