我的Vulkan应用出现异常错误，渲染红三角失败该如何排查？

我正在学习Vulkan，现在遇到了问题。我的应用本该在屏幕中央渲染一个红色三角形，但每次运行都会出现五种不同的结果，完全不符合预期。

目前能看到多个和管线创建相关的validation layer错误，我怀疑这就是问题根源，但不知道从哪开始排查。

我的系统版本是6.13.6-arch1-1，显卡为Intel Corporation TigerLake-LP GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics]集成显卡。

我确定错误出在以下两段代码中：

void App::drawFrame()
{
    uint32_t imageIndex;
    auto result = tveSwapChain.acquireNextImage(&imageIndex);

    if(result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to acquire swap chain image");
    }

    result = tveSwapChain.submitCommandBuffers(&commandBuffers[imageIndex], &imageIndex);
    if(result != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to present swap chain image");
    }
}

或是这段：

void TvePipeline::createGraphicsPipeline(const TveDevice &device, const std::string &vertFilepath,
                                         const std::string &fragFilepath, const PipelineConfigInfo &configInfo)
{
    assert(configInfo.pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE &&
           "Cannot create graphics pipeline: no pipelineLayout provided in configInfo.");
    assert(configInfo.renderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE &&
           "Cannot create graphics pipeline: no renderPass provided in configInfo.");

    auto vertCode = readFile(vertFilepath);
    auto fragCode = readFile(fragFilepath);

    createShaderModule(vertCode, &vertShaderModule);
    createShaderModule(fragCode, &fragShaderModule);

    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[2];
    shaderStages[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    shaderStages[0].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
    shaderStages[0].module = vertShaderModule;
    shaderStages[0].pName = "main";
    shaderStages[0].flags = 0;
    shaderStages[0].pNext = nullptr;
    shaderStages[0].pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;

    shaderStages[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    shaderStages[1].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    shaderStages[1].module = fragShaderModule;
    shaderStages[1].pName = "main";
    shaderStages[1].flags = 0;
    shaderStages[1].pNext = nullptr;
    shaderStages[1].pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;

    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{};
    vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0;
    vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;

    vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr;
    vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr;

    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportInfo{};
    viewportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    viewportInfo.viewportCount = 1;
    viewportInfo.pViewports = &configInfo.viewport;
    viewportInfo.scissorCount = 1;
    viewportInfo.pScissors = &configInfo.scissor;

    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo;
    pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
    pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
    pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &configInfo.inputAssemblyInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &configInfo.rasterizationInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &configInfo.multisampleInfo;

    pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &configInfo.colorBlendInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = &configInfo.depthStencilInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;

    pipelineInfo.layout = configInfo.pipelineLayout;
    pipelineInfo.renderPass = configInfo.renderPass;
    pipelineInfo.subpass = configInfo.subpass;

    pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;
    pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(tveDevice.device(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) !=
        VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create graphics pipeline");
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MrKrot