调整Biblatex参考文献中URL与urldate的显示顺序

我使用Biblatex的APA样式管理参考文献，自定义了urlseen文本，但现在urldate（访问日期）显示在URL之前，需要把它调整到URL后面。查过其他示例，默认应该是URL在前、urldate在后，当前输出效果如下：

我的代码如下：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

\usepackage[backend=biber,
style=apa,
sorting=nyvt,
giveninits=true,
maxbibnames=99,
maxcitenames=2]{biblatex}

\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibparens{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{ %alles für Abrufdatum am
  urlseen = {Abrufdatum:}
}

\begin{filecontents}{references.bib}
@online{bdew_allgemeine_2022,
    title = {Allgemeine Festlegungen zu den {EDIFACT}- und {XML}-Nachrichten},
    url = {https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/},
    author = {{BDEW}},
    urldate = {2024-04-22},
    date = {2022-08-01}
    }

\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{references.bib}
\begin{document}
\nocite{bdew_allgemeine_2022}
\newpage
\raggedright
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc,title={Bibliography}]
\end{document}  

解决方案 #

问题根源是APA样式对@online类型条目的字段排版顺序定义，需要重新定义相关命令来调整URL和urldate的输出顺序：

1. 添加自定义排版命令 #

在导言区添加以下代码，重新定义online条目驱动和url+urldate宏：

% 重新定义online条目的整体排版逻辑，确保先输出URL
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit
  \printlist{language}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{bytranslator+others}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newunit
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
    {\usebibmacro{eprint}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  % 调用修改后的url+urldate宏
  \usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

% 重新定义url+urldate宏，先输出URL再输出urldate
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{%
  \printfield{url}%
  \iffieldundef{urlyear}
    {}
    {\setunit*{\addspace}%
     \printurldate}}

2. 代码说明 #

• APA样式默认的online驱动中，urldate会在URL之前输出，重新定义驱动后，我们调用了修改后的url+urldate宏。
• 修改后的url+urldate宏会优先打印URL，再输出urldate，同时保留你之前自定义的urlseen文本格式。

3. 修改后的完整代码 #

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

\usepackage[backend=biber,
style=apa,
sorting=nyvt,
giveninits=true,
maxbibnames=99,
maxcitenames=2]{biblatex}

\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibparens{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{ %alles für Abrufdatum am
  urlseen = {Abrufdatum:}
}

% 重新定义online条目的URL和urldate排版顺序
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit
  \printlist{language}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{bytranslator+others}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newunit
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
    {\usebibmacro{eprint}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  % 先输出URL
  \usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

% 重新定义url+urldate宏，先输出URL再输出urldate
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{%
  \printfield{url}%
  \iffieldundef{urlyear}
    {}
    {\setunit*{\addspace}%
     \printurldate}}

\begin{filecontents}{references.bib}
@online{bdew_allgemeine_2022,
    title = {Allgemeine Festlegungen zu den {EDIFACT}- und {XML}-Nachrichten},
    url = {https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/},
    author = {{BDEW}},
    urldate = {2024-04-22},
    date = {2022-08-01}
    }

\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{references.bib}
\begin{document}
\nocite{bdew_allgemeine_2022}
\newpage
\raggedright
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc,title={Bibliography}]
\end{document}  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lennart Herrmann