Android开发：如何将一个TextView的行高配置复制到另一个？

问题背景 #

应用本地化到孟加拉语时，发现孟加拉数字（如২）的行高显著大于阿拉伯数字（如2）。即便尝试统一行高和间距，阿拉伯数字TextView的每行占用空间更小，会出现累积偏移，需让两个TextView保持上下对称，且无法合并为一个组件。

解决方案 #

方案1：统一行高+文本垂直对齐+布局后动态设置 #

核心思路是关闭字体默认内边距，强制文本垂直居中，等待布局完成后获取孟加拉语TextView的准确行高，再同步给阿拉伯数字TextView：

修改MainActivity.kt：

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        enableEdgeToEdge()
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main)) { v, insets ->
            val systemBars = insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars())
            v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top, systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom)
            insets
        }

        val firstTextView = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.firstText)
        val secondTextView = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.secondText)

        firstTextView.setText("২\n২\n২\n২\n২\n২\n২\n২")
        secondTextView.setText("2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2")

        // 关闭字体默认上下内边距，消除额外空间差异
        firstTextView.includeFontPadding = false
        secondTextView.includeFontPadding = false

        // 设置文本垂直居中，确保每行内容对齐
        firstTextView.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL
        secondTextView.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL

        // 等待视图布局完成后，获取准确行高并统一设置
        firstTextView.viewTreeObserver.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(object : ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener {
            override fun onGlobalLayout() {
                firstTextView.viewTreeObserver.removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this)
                val fixedLineHeight = firstTextView.lineHeight
                TextViewCompat.setLineHeight(firstTextView, fixedLineHeight)
                TextViewCompat.setLineHeight(secondTextView, fixedLineHeight)
            }
        })
    }
}

方案2：布局约束强制高度匹配 #

在布局文件中添加双向高度约束，确保两个TextView总高度完全一致，进一步消除累积偏移：

修改activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout 
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_margin="16dp"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/firstText"
        android:paddingEnd="4dp"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/secondText"/>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/secondText"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/firstText"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/firstText"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

方案3：自定义TextView强制固定行高（极端场景） #

若上述方案仍有差异，可自定义TextView重写测量逻辑，彻底忽略字体自身的行高计算：

class FixedLineHeightTextView @JvmOverloads constructor(
    context: Context,
    attrs: AttributeSet? = null,
    defStyleAttr: Int = android.R.attr.textViewStyle
) : TextView(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {

    var fixedLineHeight: Int = 0

    override fun onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec: Int, heightMeasureSpec: Int) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)
        if (fixedLineHeight > 0) {
            val totalHeight = fixedLineHeight * lineCount + compoundPaddingTop + compoundPaddingBottom
            setMeasuredDimension(measuredWidth, totalHeight)
        }
    }

    override fun getLineHeight(): Int {
        return if (fixedLineHeight > 0) fixedLineHeight else super.getLineHeight()
    }
}

布局中替换为自定义TextView后，在代码中设置固定行高：

val firstTextView = findViewById<FixedLineHeightTextView>(R.id.firstText)
val secondTextView = findViewById<FixedLineHeightTextView>(R.id.secondText)

// ... 初始化文本后

firstTextView.viewTreeObserver.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(object : ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener {
    override fun onGlobalLayout() {
        firstTextView.viewTreeObserver.removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this)
        val fixedHeight = firstTextView.lineHeight
        firstTextView.fixedLineHeight = fixedHeight
        secondTextView.fixedLineHeight = fixedHeight
        firstTextView.requestLayout()
        secondTextView.requestLayout()
    }
})

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BenjyTec